neric mapping framework at the schema level to address the problem of schema interoperability Providing a formalism for developing a generic, extensible, and semi-automated mapping A semi-automatic tool for schema mapping. at the University of Washington in Seattle, where he founded the database group. on Clio, the first semi-automatic tool for heterogeneous schema mapping. Keywords: data integ...

We develop a formal basis of correct schema transformations. Schemas are formalized as abstract data types, and correct schema transformations are formalized as information-preserving signature interpretations. Our formalism captures transformations of all schema components , making it possible to transform uniformly constraints and queries along with structures. In addition, our formalism capt...

Sharing schemas is a shortcut to data interoperability, while in grid environments there are many difficulties such as schema disagreements and schema evolutions. We propose a new ”mappings first, schemas later” schema model, named Grid Schema. The Grid Schema uses the idea of context-free mapping to modularize schemas and its translation rules. This is incorporated into its schema validation m...

The article is about the importance of applying schema theory in English as a second language teaching especially in reading teaching. Then in 1993, Nunan defined Schema as a theory of language processing which suggest that discourse is interpreted with reference to the background. These analyses showed that the application of image schema theory as a design language may be a powerful tool for ...