Dammarane-type triterpenoids (DTT) widely distribute in various medicinal plants. They have generated a great amount of interest in the field of new drug research and development. Generally, DTT are the main bioactive ingredients abundant in Araliaceae plants, such as Panax ginseng, P. japonicas, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolium. Aside from Araliaceae, DTT also distribute in other families,...

Three plant groups in temperate western North America contain closely related ornithophilous and sphingophilous species: the Aquilegia formosa/Aquilegia caerulea group (Ranunculaceae), the Ipomopsis aggregata group (Polemoniaceae), and the Diplacus longiflorus group (Scrophulariaceae). The ornithophilous and sphingophilous species are products of allopatric speciation on the diploid level. Geog...

Intra-specific variation in host-plant quality affects herbivore foraging decisions and, in turn, herbivore foraging decisions mediate plant fitness. In particular, variation in defenses against herbivores, both among and within plants, shapes herbivore behavior. If variation in defenses is genetically based, it can respond to natural selection by herbivores. We quantified intra-specific variat...

Scoparia dulcis L. is widely used in the traditional system of medicine for treating liver ailments. In present study detailed pharmacognostical evaluation Linn. whole plant (Scrophulariaceae), including morphology, microscopy, physicochemical, phytochemical screening and vitro antioxidant activity 70% ethanol extract. Microscopy different part was done by performing transverse sections longitu...

Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds which are used for treatment of various human diseases.Phytochemicals have two categories i.e., primary and secondary constituents.Secondary metabolites are responsible for medicinal activity of plants. The phytochemical analysis of total extracts in water, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, hexane and ether extracts of Scopariadulcis L.were investigated...

Bellardia trixago (L.) All. (syn. Bartsia L.) is a hemiparasitic plant that mainly native to the Mediterranean area. Formerly, genus was considered be part of Scrophulariaceae family, but it currently classified as belonging family Orobanchaceae. species are used in traditional medicine by local people cure backache, menstrual problems and an antipyretic against human immunodeficiency virus. Va...