Summer blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria, mainly Aphanizomenon sp. and Nodularia spumigena, are characteristic for the Baltic Sea, where they accumulate at the sea surface in calm weather. The chemical microenvironment, and thus the actual growth conditions within these cyanobacterial surface blooms of the Baltic Sea, are largely unknown. Using microsensors, it is shown that photosynthesis is...

Coastal salt marshes are among Earth's most productive ecosystems and provide a number of ecosystem services, including interception of watershed-derived nitrogen (N) before it reaches nearshore oceans. Nitrogen pollution and climate change are two dominant drivers of global-change impacts on ecosystems, yet their interacting effects at the land-sea interface are poorly understood. We addressed...

"Super-blooms" of cyanobacteria that produce potent and environmentally persistent biotoxins (microcystins) are an emerging global health issue in freshwater habitats. Monitoring of the marine environment for secondary impacts has been minimal, although microcystin-contaminated freshwater is known to be entering marine ecosystems. Here we confirm deaths of marine mammals from microcystin intoxi...

The Turkish Strait System, which is the only connection between Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, a challenging region for ocean circulation models due to topographic constraints water mass structure. We present newly developed high resolution unstructured finite element grid model simulate System using realistic atmospheric forcing lateral open boundary conditions. find that jet flowing from Bo...

It has been difficult to estimate the sensible heat flux at the air–sea interface using satellite data because of the difficulty in remotely observing the sea level air temperature. In this study, a new method is developed for estimating the sensible heat flux using satellite observations under unstable conditions. The basic idea of the method is that the air–sea temperature difference is relat...

We have designed and implemented a comprehensive study of a major, land-estuarine system in the Acadian biogeographic province in eastern New England (Fig 1). Our goal is to develop a predictive understanding of the long-term response of watershed and estuarine ecosystems at the land-sea interface to changes in climate, land use and sea level and to apply this knowledge to the wise management a...

South Florida encompasses a dynamic confluence of urban and natural ecosystems strongly connected to ocean and freshwater hydrologic forcings. Low land elevation, flat topography and highly transmissive aquifers place both communities at the nexus of environmental and ecological transformation driven by rising sea level. Based on a local sea level rise projection, we examine regional inundation...

In situ-based testing using aquatic organisms has been widely reported, but is often limited in scope and practical usefulness in making decisions on ecological risk and remediation. To provide this capability, an integrated deployment system, the Sediment Ecotoxicity Assessment (SEA) Ring was developed, which incorporates rapid in situ hydrological, chemical, bioaccumulation, and toxicological...

The “Software Package for Aerosol Size Distribution” is a novel graphical user interface application software used for the study of atmospheric aerosol size distribution from various aerosol models (Continental clean, Continental average, Continental polluted, Urban, Desert, Maritime clean, Maritime polluted, Maritime tropical, Arctic, Antarctic) and/or with different aerosol components (insolu...

[1] The exchange of CO2 across the air-sea interface is a main determinant of the distribution of atmospheric CO2 from which major conclusions about the carbon cycle are drawn, yet our knowledge of atmosphere-ocean fluxes still has major gaps. A new analysis based on recent ocean dissolved inorganic carbon data and on models permits us to separately estimate the preindustrial and present air-se...