conclusions as literature research is one of the most important stages of research, it's better for researchers, especially substance-related disorders scholars to use different search engines with the best recall, preciseness and importance in that subject field to reach desirable results while searching and they don’t depend on just one search engine. results results have shown that the ...

Academic search concerns the retrieval and profiling of information objects in the domain of academic research. In this paper we reveal important observations of academic search queries, and provide an algorithmic solution to address a type of failure during search sessions: null queries. We start by providing a general characterization of academic search queries, by analyzing a large-scale tra...

Many emerging pathogens infect multiple host species [1], and multi-host pathogens may have very different dynamics in different host species [2]. This research addresses how pathogen replication rates and Immune System (IS) response times are constrained by host body size. An Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) model is used to show that pathogen replication rates decline with host body size ...

In web search engines, index search used to be evaluated at a high recall rate. However, the pitfall is that users have to work hard to select relevant documents from too many search results. Skillful surfers tend to prefer the index searching method, while on the other hand, those who are not accustomed to web searching generally use the directory search method. Therefore, the directory search...

In four experiments we explored whether participants would be able to use probabilistic prompts to simplify perceptually demanding visual search in a task we call the retrieval guidance paradigm. On each trial a memory prompt appeared prior to (and during) the search task and the diagnosticity of the prompt(s) was manipulated to provide complete, partial, or non-diagnostic information regarding...