The branching and change in direction of propagation (path-deviation) of positive streamers in molecular gases such as air likely require a statistical process which perturbs the head of the streamer and produces an asymmetry in its space charge density. In this paper, the mechanisms for path-deviation and branching of atmospheric pressure positive streamer discharges in dry air are numerically...

Introduction. This study investigated a type of postadoptive system use behaviour that is derived from the original purpose of the system. We defined this type of postadoptive use as a secondary system use as it is different from the primary use of the system for which the system was intended. We focused on the way that Facebook can be used to document personal lives, in addition to using it as...

introduction:  skin  sparing  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  characteristics  of  high  energy  photon  beams. however, the photons emerging from the target of linacs are contaminated by secondary  electrons  as  a  result  of  their  interactions  with  air,  collimators,  flattening  filter  and  any  other  objects in their path. this phenomenon tends to increase the skin dose received b...

the colorful paths and rainbow paths have been considered by severalauthors.a colorful directed path in a digraph $g$ is a directed path with $chi(g)$ vertices whose colors are different. a $v$-colorful directed path is such a directed path, starting from $v$. we prove that for a given $3$-regular triangle-free digraph $g$ determining whether there is a proper $chi(g)$-coloring of $g$such that ...

Biomaterial scaffold architecture has not been investigated as a tunable source of influence on spinal cord regeneration. This study compared regeneration in a transected spinal cord within various designed-macro-architecture scaffolds to determine if these architectures alone could enhance regeneration. Three-dimensional (3-D) designs were created and molds were built on a 3-D printer. Salt-le...

Ad hoc routing protocols that use broadcast for route discovery may be inefficient if the path between any pair sourcedestination is frequently broken. In order to efficiently use network resources, this paper proposes to use a controlled flooding (CF) mechanism to replace network-wide broadcast in route discovery procedures. CF is used to build alternative routes around the shortest-path betwe...

The purpose of the current investigation was to validate an automatic path change feature developed for the ProZone3® system using a case study where a single player was filmed during 97 minutes actual match play. The player’s path changes were analysed in detail by a human observation process and compared to the path changes determined by ProZone3®. A secondary aim was to validate the times wh...

PURPOSE Connective tissue pulleys serve as the functional mechanical origins of the extraocular muscles (EOMs). Anterior to these pulleys, EOM paths shift with gaze to follow the scleral insertions, whereas posterior EOM paths are stable in the orbit. Inflections in EOM paths produced by gaze shifts can be used to define the functional location of pulleys in three dimensions (3-D). METHODS Co...

For many adaptive noise control systems the Filtered-Reference LMS, known as the FXLMS algorithm is used to update parameters of the control filter. Appropriate adjustment of the step size is then important to guarantee convergence of the algorithm, obtain small excess mean square error, and react with required rate to variation of plant properties or noise nonstationarity. There are several re...

—In this paper, we investigate the dynamic rate allocation for multipath routing with the node-disjoint paths in cognitive radio ad hoc networks composed of selfish secondary users (SUs) which are unwilling to forward the packets. We model the path stability factor of each path under a certain traffic session by distributing available channel in view of the carrier frequency of the available u...