A key determinant of REDD+1 success will be ensuring effective private sector engagement. Funding is a major concern in the implementation of REDD+ activities and involving the private sector will be absolutely critical to scale up investment in REDD+. The private sector can also make vital contributions to REDD+ initiatives through the range of its expertise and be part of the solution to miti...

The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect th...

Let D be a negative discriminant, and let Θ(D) be the complex vector space generated by the binary theta series θf attached to the positive definite binary quadratic forms f(x, y) = ax + bxy + cy whose discriminant D(f) = b − 4ac equals D/t, for some integer t. It is a well-known classical fact that Θ(D) is a subspace of the space M1(|D|, ψD) of modular forms of weight 1, level |D| and Nebentyp...

We use the Vietnam Living Standards Surveys from 1993 and 1998 to examine inequality in welfare between urban and rural areas in Vietnam. Real per capita household consumption expenditure (RPCE) is our measure of welfare. We apply a quantile regression decomposition technique to analyze the difference between the urban and rural distributions of log RPCE. In the earlier survey, the urban-rural ...

The choice of investment strategy has a great impact on the performance of transport infrastructure. Positive projects such as the "Subway plus Property" model in Hong Kong have created sustainable financial profits for the public transport projects. Owing to a series of public debt and other constraints, public-private partnership (PPP) was introduced as an innovative investment model to addre...

Revolutionary Effects of New Information Technologies In markets with imperfect information and heterogeneity, the information technology affects the rate at which agents meet, which in turn affects the distribution of production technologies across firms. We show that in models for such markets there are typically multiple equilibria because reservation utility levels and the lowest production...

is a (nonconstant) arithmetic progression of positive integers. We consider a general binary quadratic form ax2 + bxy + cy' ( a , b , c E Z ) and ask the question "Can the form ax' + hxy + ry' represen1 every inleger in 1he arithmetic progression kNo + 1 for any natural numbers k and l?" In a sampling of books containing a discussion of binary quadratic forms [2]-[9], we did not find this qustl...

objective(s) studies have shown that morphine, in addition to its analgesic properties, has several effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. there is also evidence that opioid receptors are present on chondrocytes. our main objective in the present study was to investigate the effects of morphine on rat femur growth cartilage. materials and methods this research was carried out on 18 4-week...