There has been an increasing interest in seafloor exploitation such as mineral mining in deep-sea hydrothermal fields, but the environmental impact of anthropogenic disturbance to the seafloor is poorly known. In this study, the effect of such anthropogenic disturbance by scientific drilling operations (IODP Expedition 331) on seabed landscape and megafaunal habitation was surveyed for over 3 y...

the mandan and deh-now bauxite deposits are located 40 km northeast of dehdasht in kohgiloye and boyer-ahmad province in the zagros simply folded belt. the deposits were formed in the oldest rocks of the area of late cretaceous age. the bauxite horizon is situated between sarvak and ilam formations. the aim of this study is to determine the mineralogy and texture relations of the deposits in or...

two types of mineralization including porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization have occurred in relation with an intermediate volcano-plutonic complex in masjeddaghi area. different alterations including silica, advanced argillic, intermediate argillic and propylitic have been distinguished in relation with epithermal mineralization, which have a zonal pattern. elemental mass gains an...

The fast mineral exploration system with remote sensing is a brand new exploration system of recognition, identification, analysis and prediction. It takes metallogenic materials as the detection targets, uses the spectrum measuring technique as detection means and takes the spatial and temporal sequence of mineralization and alteration information as an evaluation basis. It develops and improv...

Problematic microfossils dominate the palaeontological record between the Great Oxidation Event 2.4 billion years ago (Ga) and the last Palaeoproterozoic iron formations, deposited 500-600 million years later. These fossils are often associated with iron-rich sedimentary rocks, but their affinities, metabolism, and, hence, their contributions to Earth surface oxidation and Fe deposition remain ...

Biomineralization processes have traditionally been grouped into two distinct modes; biologically induced mineralization (BIM) and biologically controlled mineralization (BCM). In BIM, mi­ crobes cause mineral formation by sorbing solutes onto their cell surfaces or extruded organic polymers and/or releasing reactive metabolites which alter the saturation state of the solution proxi­ mal to the...

Large albitite bodies associated with explosive brecciation, fenite aureoles, intrusive carbonate rocks, olivine dolerites, and copper mineralization are described from the Dead Sea rift region in the south-eastern Sinai Peninsula. The main carbonate phases comprise breunnerite and dolomite with actinolite the main phase in the fenites. Field and isotopic evidence indicates that the intrusive c...