Two hundred Pinus muricata trees, located within a native forest near Monterey, California, were inoculated with the pitch canker pathogen. Treated branches were removed 10–13 weeks following the initial inoculation, and the lengths of the lesions that developed at each of the inoculation sites were measured. Results indicated that bishop pine exhibits a wide range of variation in susceptibilit...

introduction cultivated sunflower is one of the largest oilseed crops in the world. sunflower seed is the third largest source of vegetable oil worldwide, following soybean and canola. nitrogen is one of the most important elements for crops to achieve optimum yields and quality. phosphorus (p), next to nitrogen, is often the most limiting nutrient for crop and forage production. phosphorus ava...

Chickpeas are rich source of protein and predominantly grown in boron (B)-deficient sandy-loam soils Pakistan. Boron-tolerant bacteria (BTB) could tolerate higher B levels soil increase availability to the plants. Field trials were conducted under irrigated (district Layyah) rainfed Chakwal) conditions evaluate interactive effects pre-optimized application methods BTB (Bacillus sp. MN54) on nod...

Inoculation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with rhizobia strains is a low-cost investment which can increase yields smallholder farmers in Mozambique. The performance four Bradyrhizobium was evaluated to identify the best strain inoculate grown different agro-ecologies. Field experiments were conducted three ecological zones 2018 and 2019 using variety Zamboane inoculated diazoefficiens U...

This study aimed to investigate effects of varying doses of Nigella sativa seed powder or acetone extracts in diet on feed intake, mortality, serum lipid profiles and population of intestinal microflora of broilers. A total 168, day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were ad-libitium manually prepared feeds supplemented with 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.0% seed powder or 0, 0.2, 0.4% acetone extracts of N. sativa...

The application of PGPB to agriculture is increasing as it offers an alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other supplements. Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world’s principal cereal crops, grown for grain, silage and biofuel. Nitrogen fertilizer constitutes one of the major costs in maize production, and PGPB poses a potential alternative for achieving more sustainab...

The pathogenesis of Modoc virus and its mechanism of transmission were investigated in Peromyscus maniculatus gambeli (deer mouse) as a model to understand the natural history of this virus. Animals were readily infected by the intranasal or subcutaneous route of inoculation. Virus could be detected by direct isolation techniques in many organs and body fluids during the first 7 to 9 days after...

The citrus industry is challenged by numerous arthropods, yet extensive research has not been conducted to determine the potential use of entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes in pest management strategies. Two inoculation methods (i.e., soil drench and foliar spray) using a suspension Beauveria bassiana (strain PPRI 5339 contained Velifer®) containing 4 × 107 conidia mL−1 0.01% Tween 80 were on...