Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a form of chronic kidney disease that causes 3.6% of end stage renal disease cases. While the cause of this disease is multifactoral, the Human Genome Project has identified some specific chromosome sites linked to this disease process. Treatment for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis may include corticosteroids, managing hypertension, and controlling prote...

Consolidation and Ground-Glass Opacities (GGO) are common findings on chest Computed Tomographic (CT) scans. Consolidation and GGO can be divided into segmental, non-segmental and interstitial pneumonia types based upon distribution pattern. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the non-segmental distribution pattern, and to explain its relevancy in various conditions. Non-se...

Segmental arterial mediolysis is a noninflammatory nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy of uncertain etiology characterized by dissection and/or aneurysm formation. It affects medium-to-large arteries, primarily the celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal arteries. Iliac involvement rare, its specific treatment has not been described. We detail patient who presented with intrabdominal hemorrhage from...

The total extirpation of the offending lesion and the preservation of as much normal lung tissue as possible are the major objectives in excislonal treatment of pulmonary disease. The increased use of limited resection represents the surgical approach to obtain these desirable objectives. For more than a decade, segmental resection has been accepted as a rational procedure especially in the tre...

Visceral injury induces referred pain, autonomic concomitants, skeletal muscle spasm, and hyperalgesia of segmental pattern on the specific area of somatic tissue. Therefore, since visceral referred pain does not mean only a feeling which is considered as misperception of brain but accompanies accessory phenomena, referred phenomenon can be more reasonable expression. Visceral referred phenomen...

Because of its basal position on the phylogenetic tree of vertebrates, the lamprey embryo would be expected to exhibit segmental head mesoderm. Recent observations, however, show that the lamprey does not have any somite-like segments in the head. Coelomic head cavities that are most conspicuous in elasmobranch embryos, do not appear to represent universal vertebrate traits. From the perspectiv...

a cochlear implant is an implanted electronic device used to provide a sensation of hearing to a person who is hard of hearing. the cochlear implant is often referred to as a bionic ear. this paper presents an undecimated wavelet‑based speech coding strategy for cochlear implants, which gives a novel speech processor. the undecimated wavelet packet transform (uwpt) is computed like the wavelet ...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism has become the third most common cardiovascular disease, which can seriously harm human health. OBJECTIVES To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-source computerized tomography (CT) and perfusion imaging for peripheral pulmonary embolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with suspected pulmonary embolism underwent dual-source CT exams. To compare t...

The homeobox gene Lox3 is expressed in a segmentally iterated pattern within the endoderm of the leech Helobdella. We use that expression here to study endoderm differentiation following experimental ablations of mesoderm. Lox3 RNA was first detected by in situ hybridization at the stage when a definitive cellular endoderm is formed from its syncytial precursor and was never observed in derivat...