Molecular evolution may be considered as a walk in a multidimensional fitness landscape, where the fitness at each point is associated with features such as the function, stability, and survivability of these molecules. We present a simple model for the evolution of protein sequences on a landscape with a precisely defined fitness function. We use simple lattice models to represent protein stru...

BmK IT-AP is an excitatory insect-specific beta-toxin with analgesic effect from the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK) and consists of 72 residues cross-linked by four disulfide bridges. The crystal structure of BmK IT-AP has been determined at a resolution of 2.6 A by molecular replacement. Compared with the mammal-selective alpha-toxins consisting of 64 residues from the scorpion...

Compared to its 2D counterpart, the selective 1D NOESY experiment offers greatly simplified spectral interpretation and is invaluable to the structure elucidation of small-to-medium sized molecules, although its application is limited to well-resolved resonances only. The doubly selective 1D TOCSY-NOESY experiment allows the 1D NOESY experiment to be extended to resonances within overlapped spe...

An intelligent design method of double screen frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) is addressed in this paper. The employed unit cell is composed of two metallic screens, which are printed on both sides of a substrate. The presented non-trial-and-error approach is investigated based on the separate design of each screen. With the help of some physical intuition and an equivalent circuit model, i...

Pb(OAc) /Cr0 combination was found to be able to oxidize methylene dioxide function in the presence of diphenylmethane moiety

in protein biochemistry, biochemists specially study proteins as complex polymers. protein biochemistry is the study of the chemical structure of proteins, including individual amino acids, their linkage as well as physical structure of proteins. proteins, especially globular proteins, are three dimensional in nature. proper function of globular proteins is tightly related to their three-dimens...

molecules are the basic and most important players of life. molecules are composed of atoms, and each molecule has two main specifications or inheritances that are structures, and in biomedical applications, biological function. this dichotomy can be compared to living organisms or humans whom possess genotype and phenotype. each of the two main inherited elements contains a variety of feature ...

In this study, solid-phase microextraction fibers coated with modified silica particles (5 pm dp) bonded to methyl (C1), hexyl (C6), octyl (C8), and polymeric octadecyl (C18) groups are prepared and evaluated. Selective extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from river water is used to demonstrate the selective behavior of the fibers as a function of the alkyl chains bonded to th...

Every functional protein appears to have some conserved amino acids which are critically important to the basic structure and function of the protein and thus under purifying selection. Some proteins also have variable amino acids which, when changed, offer a selective advantage, and thus undergo adaptive evolution. These amino acids are also important to the structure and function of the prote...