background: nowadays, self-medication of therapeutic agents is of global concern particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries. some studies conducted in iran showed that the frequency of self-medication was significant. objective: this research was conducted to estimate the prevalence of arbitrary use of antibiotics in shiraz community with special interest in its determinant factors...

as a result of the epiphany of giant multinational media conglomerates, transnational trade networks and the politics of globalization, it is tempting to believe that individual and national identities have morphed. this article argues that such homogenization in relation to individuation is tedious to accept. it draws from theories of symbolic interactionism, social psychology, foucauldian, an...

conclusions due to the high rate of self-immolations in this area, solutions for improvement of life quality and social norms should be reviewed and implemented. results 350 self-immolations resulting in death were reported in this study; these subjects were 16-25 years old, 67.25% female, 63.55% elementary school education, 74.20% married, 69.10% housewife, 61.05% resident of saravan, 93.35% o...

conclusions the present study showed that life skills training program did not affect self-efficacy of nursing students. perhaps, the methods used in education were influencing and then, more effective techniques such as role-play and group discussion should be substituted in life skills training. results in the untrained and trained groups, 23% and 8% of the students had very high self-efficac...

a b s t r a c t abstract- methamphetamine has rapidly become more prominent in iran, which is now second most common drug behind heroin. moreover, initiation of methamphetamine abuse is a major cause of failure of opioid treatment programs such as methadone maintenance treatment. this calls for development of more effective treatment methods for methamphetamine addiction, and especially develop...

objective: resilience is the personal ability to adapt successfully with unpleasant situations and maintain or regain bio-psychological well-being. resilience could be promoted through self-management educational programs. in this study, we tried to investigate if self-management education could improve resilience in diabetic patients. materials and methods: the current study was a semi experim...

introduction: breastfeeding self-efficacy show self-confidence and the ability of mothers to perform breastfeeding and maternal health literacy, ability of women to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain their health and their children. aim: this study was measuring associations between self-efficacy breastfeeding and maternal health literacy. methods:...

background and purpose: birth of a mentally retarded child is a significant challenge in every family and is associated with the possibility of parental stress and depression. this study aimed to evaluate the self-concept of mothers with educable mentally retarded (emr) children. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 mothers with emr children in the only special primary school...

background & aim: many parents do not believe in their ability to fulfill their parental responsibilities. parental self-efficacy is crucial to parents’ sense of well-being and is considered a predictor for quality of life. however, evidence is scarce on the factors that influence parents’ perception of efficacy. therefore, this study aimed to investigate the predictors for parental self-effica...