In this paper we parallelly build up the theories of normed linear spaces and of linear spaces with indefinite metric, called also Minkowski spaces for finite dimensions in the literature. In the first part of this paper we collect the common properties of the semi-and indefinite-inner-products and define the semi-indefinite-inner-product and the corresponding structure, the semi-indefinite-inn...

Product Distribution(PD) theory is a new framework for doing distributed, adaptive control of a multiagent system(MAS). We introduce the technique of “coordinate transformations” in PD theory gradient descent. These transformations selectively couple a few agents with each other into ”meta-agents”. Intuitively, this can be viewed as a generalization of forming binding contracts between those ag...

The spectral transformation Lanczos method is very popular for solving large scale Her-mitian generalized eigenvalue problems. The method uses a special inner product so that the symmetric Lanczos method can be used. Sometimes, a semi-inner product must be used. This may lead to instabilities and breakdown. In this paper, we suggest a cure for breakdown by use of an implicit restart in the Lanc...

We introduce the notion of a braid group parametrized by a ring, which is defined by generators and relations and based on the geometric idea of painted braids. We show that the parametrized braid group is isomorphic to the semi-direct product of the Steinberg group (of the ring) with the classical braid group. The technical heart of the proof is the Pure Braid Lemma 2.1.1, which asserts that c...

The Atiyah conjecture predicts that the L-Betti numbers of a finite CW -complex with torsion-free fundamental group are integers. We establish the Atiyah conjecture, under the condition that it holds for G and that H G is a normal subgroup, for amalgamated free products G ∗H (H ⋊ F ). Here F is a free group and H ⋊ F is an arbitrary semi-direct product. This includes free products G∗F and semi-...

The Frobenius group G belongs to an important class of groups that more than 100 years ago was defined by F. G. who proved is a semi-direct product normal subgroup K called kernel another non-trivial H the complement. In this case we show few classical finite can be

For a given Jacobi-Jordan algebra A and vector space V over field k , non-abelian cohomological type object H 2 ( ) is constructed: it classifies all algebras containing as subalgebra of codimension equal to dim . Any such isomorphic so-called unified product ♮ Furthermore, we introduce the bicrossed (semi-direct, crossed, or skew crossed) ⋈ associated two special case product. Several examples...

tive radius r. Let the center Xo be the sequence {&?}, and let 5 be chosen so large that 2~~ + 2~ s 2 + • • • k Q s. If we define xi as (ki, &2> ' * • » $j j8+i, is+2, • • • ), then xi belongs to K and limn fn(xi) = + °°Consequently xi cannot be a point of Up and this contradiction establishes U as a set of the f...