Existing semiconductor electronic and photonic devices utilize the charge on electrons and holes in order to perform their specific functionality such as signal processing or light emission. The relatively new field of semiconductor spintronics seeks, in addition, to exploit the spin of charge carriers in new generations of transistors, lasers and integrated magnetic sensors. The ability to con...

Bora Lee, Choong-Ki Lee, Seungwu Han, Jaichan Lee, and Cheol Seong Hwang Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea School of Materials Science & Engineering, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Repu...

In many cases new technologies are driven by the development of novel materials providing properties or combinations of properties that were not available before. The use of polymers and silicon-based semiconductor technologies are just two examples of how the availability of certain materials revolutionized existing technologies and products, giving rise to completely new technologies and havi...

Semiconductor nanocrystals are called artificial atoms because of their atom-like discrete electronic structure resulting from quantum confinement. Artificial atoms can also be assembled into artificial molecules or solids, thus, extending the toolbox for material design. We address the interaction of artificial atoms with bulk semiconductor surfaces. These interfaces are model systems for unde...

Controlling the properties of semiconductor/metal interfaces is a powerful method for designing functionality and improving the performance of electrical devices. Recently semiconductor/superconductor hybrids have appeared as an important example where the atomic scale uniformity of the interface plays a key role in determining the quality of the induced superconducting gap. Here we present epi...

The full exploration of the potential, which graphene offers to nanoelectronics requires its integration into semiconductor technology. So far the real-world applications are limited by the ability to concomitantly achieve large single-crystalline domains on dielectrics and semiconductors and to tailor the interfaces between them. Here we show a new direct bottom-up method for the fabrication o...

Lighting is a big business, lighting consumes considerable amount of the electricity. These facts motivate for the search of new illumination technologies that are efficient. Semiconductor light emitting diodes (LEDs) have huge potential to replace the traditional primary incandescent lighting sources. They are two basic types of semiconductor LEDs being explored: inorganic and organic semicond...

(EEEL) encompass nearly all key disciplines in electrical, electronic, electromagnetic, and electro-optic materials; components; instruments; and systems, with an emphasis on metrology. The Laboratory has laboratories in Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado; its annual budget is approximately $80 million. EEEL's programs encompass measurements and related research in the following areas...

The performance, functionality and productivity of the semiconductor laser have been dramatically improved since its invention in 1962. Today it came to be indispensable for our life as optical components connecting home and the Internet as well as long-distance large-capacity trunk networks. It may be said that the information revolution pulled by the explosive spread of the Internet is origin...

Monolithically InP-based photonic integrated circuits, where more than two semiconductor optoelectronic devices are integrated in a single InP substrate, have long history of research and development. Representatives of these InP-based photonic integrated circuits are, electroabsorption modulator integrated distributed feedback laser diodes (DFB LDs) (Kawamura et al., 1987, H. Soda et al., 1990...