In this paper, we numerically quantify the information capacity of a sensor, by examining the different factors than can limit this capacity, namely sensor spectral response, noise, and sensor blur (due to fill factor, cross talk and diffraction, for given aperture). In particular, we compare the effectiveness of raw color space for different kinds of sensors. We also define an intrinsic notion...

While most models with financial market imperfections predict investment by financially constrained firms to be more sensitive to financial variables, contracting models argue that investment by such firms should be more sensitive to fundamental determinants of investment because fundamentals capture both investment opportunities and changes in the financial position. By first grouping U.S. man...

This paper analyzes the investment behavior of ...rms under a quantity constraint on the amount of external funds which can be raised at a given cost (credit constraints). In this world, investment-cash ‡ow sensitivities decrease in the degree of credit constraints, until a ...rm becomes e¤ectively unconstrained. This generates a “U-shaped” curve for the relationship between sensitivities and c...

1. Abstract Swarm algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are non-gradient probabilistic optimization algorithms that have been successfully applied to obtain global optimal solutions for complex problems such as multi-peak problems. However these algorithms have not been applied to complicated structural and mechanical optimization problems since local optimization capability is s...

In this study a novel partially parallel acquisition method is presented, which can be used to accelerate image acquisition using an RF coil array for spatial encoding. In this technique, Parallel Imaging with Localized Sensitivities (PILS), it is assumed that the individual coils in the array have localized sensitivity patterns, in that their sensitivity is restricted to a finite region of spa...

Using a recent theoretical approach, we study how global warming impacts the thermodynamics of the climate system by performing experiments with a simplified yet Earth-like climate model. The intensity of the Lorenz energy cycle, the Carnot efficiency, the material entropy production, and the degree of irreversibility of the system change monotonically with the CO2 concentration. Moreover, thes...

Precision measurements, now and at a future linear electron-positron collider (ILC), can provide indirect information about the possible scale of supersymmetry. We illustrate the present-day and possible future ILC sensitivities within the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM), in which there are three independent soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters m1/2,...

This paper proposes a unified approach to Monte Carlo estimation of sensitivity of European option premiums with respect to some arbitrary parameter. The classical framework assumes that the underlying parameter is some intrinsic parameter of the model, e.g., interest rate, volatility or time to maturity, in which case sensitivities are also known as ”Greeks”. Intrinsic parameters only induce v...

Topological sensitivities are a very useful tool for determining optimal designs. The topological derivative of a domain-dependent functional represents the sensitivity with respect to the insertion of an infinitesimally small hole. In the gradient-based ON/OFF method, proposed by M. Ohtake, Y. Okamoto and N. Takahashi in 2005, sensitivities of the functional with respect to a local variation o...