Taste and most sensory inputs required for the feedback regulation of digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular organs are conveyed to the central nervous system by so-called "visceral" sensory neurons located in three cranial ganglia (geniculate, petrosal, and nodose) and integrated in the hindbrain by relay sensory neurons located in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Visceral sensory gangli...

During navigation, animals integrate sensory information with body movements to guide actions. The impact of both navigational and movement-related signals on cortical visual processing remains largely unknown. We review recent studies in awake rodents that have revealed navigation-related the primary cortex (V1) including speed, distance travelled head-orienting movements. Both subcortical inp...

Brainstem and cerebellar neurons implement an internal model to accurately estimate self-motion during externally generated ('passive') movements. However, these neurons show reduced responses during self-generated ('active') movements, indicating that predicted sensory consequences of motor commands cancel sensory signals. Remarkably, the computational processes underlying sensory prediction d...

Sensory Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare heterogeneous subgroup of GBS characterized by the primary involvement sensory neurons resulting in distinctive clinical presentation. usually occurs with acute and monophasic symptoms, no or minimal muscle weakness. patient show hypo- areflexia, distal paresthesia, normal cerebrospinal fluid finding albumino-cytologic dissociation which are sugge...

in past, the relationship between traditional learning theories and neurophysiological theories wasn’t a close relationship. recently, new findings in neurological sciences showed relatively simple neuron mechanisms for somewhat complicated learning events, for example observational learning, one of which is mirror neurons. these neurons show that how the brain registers the activity observed a...

In sensory systems, peripheral organs convey sensory inputs to relay networks where information is shaped by local microcircuits before being transmitted to cortical areas. In the olfactory system, odorants evoke specific patterns of sensory neuron activity that are transmitted to output neurons in olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli. How sensory information is transferred and shaped at this level re...

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most-common genetic determinants of Parkinson's disease (PD). The G2019S mutation is detected most frequently and is associated with increased kinase activity. Whereas G2019S mutant dopamine neurons exhibit neurite elongation deficits, the effect of G2019S on other neuronal subtypes is unknown. As PD patients also suffer from non-motor s...

Sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) are of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of many alphaherpesviruses, constituting major target cells for latency and reactivation events. We showed earlier that a subpopulation of porcine TG neurons, in contrast to other porcine cell types, is highly resistant to cell death induced by infection with the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies v...

C. elegans undergoes periods of behavioral quiescence during larval molts (termed lethargus) and as adults. Little is known about the circuit mechanisms that establish these quiescent states. Lethargus and adult locomotion quiescence is dramatically reduced in mutants lacking the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1. Here, we show that the aroused locomotion of npr-1 mutants results from the exaggerated...

The modulation of locomotor gait transitions by monoamines is highly conserved across animal species, yet the mechanisms by which these occur is not very well understood. In C. elegans, certain serotonergic neurons have been implicated in initiating the transition from crawling to swimming, but the environmental cues and specific sensory neurons that communicate with these serotonergic neurons ...