A power estimation approach is presented in which blocks of consecutive vectors are selected at random from a user-supplied realistic input vector set and the circuit is simulated for each block starting from an unknown state. This leads to two (upper and lower) bounds on the desired power value which can be quite tight (under 10% difference between the two in many cases). As a result, the powe...

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a sequential access memory (SAM) that provides low power and high performance by replacing address decoders with special locally-communicating sequencers. A test chip containing one 16x16-b SAM and one 64x16-b SAM (consisting of four 16x16-b banks) has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated using a 0.25-μm CMOS process. With a clock frequency o...

Conventional methods of energy supply and operation of even CMOS circuits { a technology providing great savings in static energy loss{ are proving to be stumbling-blocks in realizing ultra-dense, petaaop machines, as both energy supply as well as its dissipation pose very diicult problems. Recently several research results have been reported on practical methods and architec-tures for adiabati...

Low power design is most required now a days due to scaling down the technology where minimizing the voltage level is the most effective way to minimize the power consumption. This paper presents a double pulse flip flop implemented using 0.18 μm technology. The proposed flip flop avoids unnecessary switching and stacking of transistors and thus consume less power as compared to conventional fl...

Recently developed methods for power estimation have primarily focused on combinational logic We present a framework for the e cient and accurate estimation of average power dissi pation in sequential circuits Switching activity is the primary cause of power dissipation in CMOS circuits Accurate switching activity estimation for sequential circuits is considerably more di cult than that for com...

Distributed generator (DG) resources are small scale electric power generating plants that can provide power to homes, businesses or industrial facilities in distribution systems. Power loss reductions, voltage profile improvement and increasing reliability are some advantages of DG units. The above benefits can be achieved by optimal placement of DGs. Whale optimization algorithm (WOA), a nove...

Narrow-band wide-field CCD images of the dust tail of Comet Hyakutake 1996B2 are analysed by means of the inverse dust tail model (Fulle 1989). The dust tail fits allow us to estimate the ejection velocity, mass loss rate and size distribution of the dust grains ejected during the months of March and April, 1996 (when the heliocentric distance was decreasing from 1.5 AU to 0.5 AU), in the size ...

The coupling characteristics of a hybrid coupler comprised of a long-range surface-plasmon-polariton (LRSPP) waveguide and a dielectric waveguide is analyzed with different detecting layers. Calculation results show that the coupling strength between the LRSPP mode and the dielectric-waveguide mode is rather sensitive to the refractive index of the detecting layer. This is promising to realize ...

For applications in high-density and high-speed optical interconnections, we propose to utilize polymer parallel optical waveguides (PPOWs) with so-called W-shaped refractive index profile in the core area. A W-shaped index profile is composed of a parabolic index distribution surrounded by a narrow index valley, followed by a cladding with a uniform refractive index. We expect that W-shaped in...