one of the main factors affecting on the technical and economic performance of farms and livestock is the ability or capacity management. main goal of farm management is achieving specific performance, profitability and productivity; there for measurement management and performance in livestock farms are necessary. considering the necessity of increasing production and quality in the dairy indu...

The competitive price game model is used to analyze the spectrum sharing in the cognitive radio networks. This paper focuses on the improved spectrum sharing problem with constraints of available spectrum resource from primary users. The constrained spectrum sharing model based on competitive price game is established. In order to achieve the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the constra...

In this paper, greening, pricing, and advertising policies in a supply chain will be examined with government intervention. The supply chain has two members. First, a manufacturer seeking to determine the wholesale price and the greening level and second, a retailer that has to determine the advertising cost and the retail price. The government is trying to encourage the manufacturer to green t...

We studied the coordination of cooperative advertisement in a manufacturer–retailer supply chain when the manufacturer offers price deductions to customers.With a price sensitive market, the expected demand with cooperative advertising and price deduction is demonstrated. When the manufacturer is a leader, we obtained the optimal national brand name investment, local advertisement and associate...

The classic overall profit needs precise information of inputs, outputs, inputs and outputs price vectors. In real word, all data are not certain. Therefore, in this case, stochastic and fuzzy methods use for measuring overall profit efficiency. These methods require more information about the data such as probability distribution function or data membership function, which in some cases may no...

The perishable product’s dynamic pricing with quantity discount strategy is studied. The seller uses two-period dynamic price during the whole sale period and introduces quantity discount in second sale period in order to improve the seller’s profit. The mathematic model expressions are obtained by assuming that consumer’s reservation price draws from a uniform distribution and the price discou...

Undesirable outputs (or bads) refer to the byproducts accompanied with desirable outputs (or goods) in a production process, e.g. sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in coal-fired power generation. The shadow price of undesirable output, which may be interpreted as the opportunity cost of abating one additional unit of undesirable output in terms of the loss of desirable output, could provide val...

the present study was focused on supply chain analysis of fresh guava in order to evaluate existing marketing supply chains (sc1: producer - consumer, sc2: producer - retailer - consumer, sc3: producer - commission agent - retailer - consumer, sc4: producer - commission agent - wholesaler - retailer - consumer) for two variety (allahabad safeda and apple guava) of guava. the gross marketing pri...

This study models a joint pricing, inventory, and preservation decision-making problem for deteriorating items subject to stochastic demand and promotional effort. The generalized price-dependent stochastic demand, time proportional deterioration, and partial backlogging rates are used to model the inventory system. The objective is to find the optimal pricing, replenishment, and preservation t...

iran is one of the most energy-rich countries subsidizing energy carriers, especially in the agricultural sector, to the extent that the resulting growth is at the expense of the environment. this study tries to investigate the potential impacts of energy price reform on the agro-environment, based on the marginal abatement costs (macs) of emissions. firstly, the energy demand function of the a...