Given a nonautonomous and nonlinear differential equation(0.1)x′=A(t)x+f(t,x)t≥0, on an arbitrary Banach space X, we formulate very general conditions for the associated linear equation x′=A(t)x term f:[0,+∞)×X→X under which above system satisfies appropriate version of shadowing property. More precisely, require that admits type dichotomy, includes classical hyperbolic behavior as particular c...

We use several diverse parameterizations of diffractive parton distributions, extracted in leading twist QCD analyses of the HERA diffractive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) data, to make predictions for leading twist nuclear shadowing of nuclear quark and gluon distributions in DIS on nuclei. We find that the HERA diffractive data are sufficiently precise to allow us to predict large nuclear s...

In this paper, we investigate automatic language proficiency assessment from learners’ utterances generated through shadowing and reading aloud. By increasing the degrees of difficulty of learners’ tasks for each practice, we examine how the automatic scores, the conventional GOP and proposed F-GOP, change according to the cognitive loads posed on learners. We also investigate the effect and si...

The effect of shadowing on the early state of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is investigated along with transverse energy and hard process production, specifically Drell-Yan, J/ψ, and Υ production. We choose several parton distributions and parameterizations of nuclear shadowing, as well as the spatial dependence of shadowing, to study the influence of shadowing on relevant observables....

  In this paper, we present some important dynamical concepts on uniform space such as the minimal systems, shadowing, and strong shadowing. We explain definitions theorems definition expansive, weak generator, proof of for them. prove that if  be a homeomorphism compact  then  has shadowing only has so also show  and two homeomorphisms spaces ,  is conjugacy from ...

Michael Shub proved in 1969 that the topological conjugacy class of an expanding endomorphism on a compact manifold is determined by its homotopy type. In this article we generalize this result in two directions. In one direction we consider certain expanding maps on metric spaces. In a second direction we consider maps which are hyperbolic with respect to product cone fields on a product manif...

In the light of a recent claim that models of nuclear shadowing which incorporate a vector meson dominance component at low Q2 are incompatible with nuclear deep inelastic scattering data, we compare the predictions of such a model with high precision data on the Q2 dependence of nuclear shadowing. Contrary to this claim, we find that models which incorporate both vector meson and partonic mech...

Shadowing trajectories are one of the most powerful ideas of modern dynamical systems theory, providing a tool for proving some central theorems and a means to assess the relevance of models and numerically computed trajectories of chaotic systems. Shadowing has also been seen to have a role in state estimation and forecasting of nonlinear systems. Shadowing trajectories are guaranteed to exist...

In this study we intend to investigate the typical phenomena in shadowing speech and work out a tentative scheme for shadowing speech labeling. Our aim is two-fold: a) to give useful feedback to students and teachers who are using shadowing as a way of language learning; b) to explore the possibility of automatic assessment and error detection of shadowing speech. We firstly labeled a shadowing...