The Sapen Nusantara Conservation forest park is agroforestry that has certain vegetation. vegetation in Protected seems to support the existence of birds as wildlife need a living habitat. bird species very important supporting However, until now diversity there not been identified and recorded properly. one buffer forests Mount Arjuno protection forest, so ecosystem must be maintained. This st...

Protecting biodiversity involves preserving the maximum number and abundance of species while giving special attention to species with unique genetic or morphological characteristics. In balancing different priorities, conservation policymakers may consider quantitative measures that compare diversity across ecological communities. To serve this purpose, a measure should increase or decrease wi...

Image Segmentation plays an important role in medical field that enable professionals to detect their patient’s problems and help them to get proper diagnosed. In this article, an entropy based approach for image segmentation is discussed to highlight tumor in MRI images. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging, in which pixel values are based on radiation absorption. In the proposed app...

A number of molecular ecological studies have revealed complex and unique microbial communities in various terrestrial plant roots; however, little is known about the microbial communities of aquatic plant roots in spite of their potential use for water quality improvement in aquatic environments (e.g. floating treatment wetland system). Here, we report the microbial communities inhabiting the ...

By studying Bartonella prevalence in rodent communities from 23 geographic sites in the western United States and one site in northern Mexico, the present study focused on the effects of rodent community diversity (measured by richness and Shannon index) and composition on prevalence of Bartonella infections. The analysis showed negative correlations of Bartonella prevalence with rodent richnes...

In this paper we discuss the processes in the Shannon cipher system with discrete memoryless source and a guessing wiretapper. The wiretapper observes a cryptogram of N vector of ciphered messages in the public channel and tries to guess successively the vector of messages within given distortion level ∆ and small probability of error less than exp{−NE} with positive reliability index E. The se...

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) analysis were applied to 74 individual plants of Piper spp in Hainan Island. The results showed that the SRAP technique may be more informative and more efficient and effective for studying genetic diversity of Piper spp than the RAPD technique. The overall level of genetic diversity among Piper spp ...

The construction of efficient and effective decision trees remains a key topic in machine learning because of their simplicity and flexibility. A lot of heuristic algorithms have been proposed to construct near-optimal decision trees. Most of them, however, are greedy algorithms which have the drawback of obtaining only local optimums. Besides, common split criteria, e.g. Shannon entropy, Gain ...

The study deals with the “Assessment of Plant biodiversity Innerline Reserve Forest, Hailakandi (Assam)” India. that was carried out in six sites. A total 54 species trees belonging to 32 families 2,303 individuals, 17 shrubs 13 2,195 individuals and 27 grasses herbs a 1,595 were encountered. Quadrate size 400 m2 for trees, 100 shrubs, 20 herbs. Compared all sites, Site-III shows highest Basal ...

In actual application, sensors are prone to failure because of harsh environments, battery drain, and sensor aging. Sensor fault location is an important step for follow-up sensor fault detection. In this paper, two new multi-level wavelet Shannon entropies (multi-level wavelet time Shannon entropy and multi-level wavelet time-energy Shannon entropy) are defined. They take full advantage of sen...