Residual stresses in welds significantly affect the fatigue strength and stress corrosion crack resistance of the weld joint, and therefore, numerous studies have been made about the effects. The residual stress induced by electron beam welding (EBW) has also been researched in various approaches, but many of the study reports dealt with thick plates (50 mm or thicker) only.1–5) This was becaus...

Abstract Efficient lightweight solutions are of great interest in many industries (aviation, automotive) particularly regarding the limitation CO $$_2$$ 2 -emissions and material waste. An innovative strategy to address these challenges is use hybrid manufacturing. Additive...

We have developed a new transparent conductor based on one-dimensional metal-dielectric photonic band gap structures. Thin-film metal-dielectric filters containing at least 150nm of silver have been fabricated, with transmittance greater than 50% over the 500-600nm waveband, and sheet resistance of ∼ 0.1 Ohm/Square. Theoretical calculations predict at least 25% transparency levels for structure...

In 1934, Wilhelm Woltersdorff demonstrated that the absorption of light in an ultrathin, freestanding film is fundamentally limited to 50%. He concluded that reaching this limit would require a film with a real-valued sheet resistance that is exactly equal to R = η/2 ≈ 188.5Ω/□, where [Formula: see text] is the impedance of free space. This condition can be closely approximated over a wide freq...

This paper summarizes our theoretical understanding of supernova events in a “back of the envelope” way. It is intended to aid in the recognition and understanding of those events which are not “standard”, and which may provide the most insight.