The order of ‘noun and adposition’ is the important parameter of word ordering rules in the world’s languages. The seven parameters, ‘adverb and verb’ and others, have a strong dependence on the ‘noun and adposition’. Japanese as well as Korean, Tamil and several other languages seem to have a stable structure of word ordering rules, as well as Thai and other languages which have the opposite w...

The fact that concepts are grammaticalized differently in different languages is a major problem for translation, especially for machine translation. Two major examples of this are syntactic number, and the use of (in)definite articles (a, some, the). In languages such as English, nouns are marked for number and the choice of article (or of no article) must be made for every noun phrase. In con...

This paper focuses on the semantic relations and interpratations of Chinese noun compounds (mostly search terms). In light of the semantic classification from Semantic Knowledge-base of Contemporary Chinese (SKCC) and Qualia Structures introduced by Pustejovsky (1991, 1995), we analyze the combinations of the semantic classes of the noun compounds, and thus, discover the implicit predicates of ...

The topic of this paper is a kind of morphological structure that looks as if it might be formed within the syntax: Noun Incorporation. This is a feature of a wide range of languages, including (in its purest form) Mohawk, Chuckchee, Southern Tiwa, Classical Nahuatl, and many others; and it has attracted attention for quite some time. Adopting a classical formulation, Noun Incorporation is a co...

This paper studies the adjectival modification to nouns in Mandarin Chinese based on selective binding. The main findings include: (1)An adjective can select different types of head nouns as arguments and an adjective may modify an individual or an event. (2)The qualia structure of a noun helps us better understand an adjective’s selectional preference. Meanwhile, an adjective can modify multi-...

relation is one of the 10 relation labels defined in section 2. direction specifies the order of the constituent nouns in the chosen relation’s argument structure – in particular, direction will have the value 1 if the first noun in the compound (N1) fits in the first noun slot mentioned in the rule licensing the chosen relation, and will have value 2 if the second noun in the compound (N2) fit...

Word boundaries within noun compounds are not marked by white spaces in a number of languages, unlike in English, and it is beneficial for various NLP applications to split such noun compounds. In the case of Japanese, noun compounds made up of katakana words (i.e., transliterated foreign words) are particularly difficult to split, because katakana words are highly productive and are often outo...

Previous research on word class distribution claimed that 37% of word tokens are nouns, suggesting that there might exist a certain regularity of noun proportion 15 among human languages. To explore this possibility, we examined the proportion of noun and four other word classes within British and American English, and across seven languages in terms of different word frequency band. Results in...

We present a noun chunker for German which is based on a head-lexicalised probabilistic contextfree grammar. A manually developed grammar was semi-automatically extended with robustness rules in order to allow parsing of unrestricted text. The model parameters were learned from unlabelled training data by a probabilistic context-free parser. For extracting noun chunks, the parser generates all ...

Two problems related to the analysis of noun phrases in which demonstratives occur are discussed: (1) it is shown that there exists an infinite number of syntactically complex demonstrative noun phrases and thus an infinite number of noun phrases which are neither purely referential not purely quantificational, (2) some problems concerning the semantic role of the common noun to which demonstra...