Though IT usage has been identified as a significant construct, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how IT is used by different organizational members. In this paper, we examine the key organizational, external environmental, and IT-related factors that influence IT usage in organizations across management and non-management levels. Based on data from over 500 functional managers, w...

The values and velocities of a Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm can be recorded as series of matrix and its population diversity can be considered as an observation of the distribution of matrix elements. Each dimension is measured separately in the dimension-wise diversity, on the contrary, the element-wise diversity measures all dimension together. In this paper, PSO algorithm is f...

Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) of the World Health Organization have never been as committed as they are today to ensure that all people have access to needed health services without the risk of financial hardship – the message of universal health coverage (UHC) (1). The average share of out-of-pocket payments for EMR countries stands at around 40% and in some countries is ...

News Making health care affordable in China China is taking steps towards its goal of providing every single person in the country with access to modern health-care services, in part through health financing schemes. Jane Parry and Cui Weiyuan report. When Shi Liuchang, a worker at a state-owned electricity plant in Pingdingshan, Henan province, China, was diagnosed with hepatitis B in 1982, hi...