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The health care spending share of gross domestic product (GDP) remained steady between 1993 and 1999 as moderate-to-strong economic growth coincided with a rapid shift to managed care. This shift, along with decelerating growth in Medicare spending, appears to have generated a mostly one-time saving that lowered aggregate health expenditure growth.

Background and Objectives: Shift working has the potential to negatively influence the quality of work life among nurses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outbreak of shift work-related disorders and the relationship between shift work and job satisfaction in nurses of Ilam University’s subsidiary hospitals, in order to identify potential strategies for decreasing risk of health...

This paper reports preliminary findings from the National Hospital Rate-Setting Study regarding the effects of State prospective reimbursement (PR) programs on measures of payroll costs and employment in hospitals. PR effects were estimated through reduced-form equations, using American Hospital Association Annual Survey data on over 2,700 hospitals from 1969 through 1978. These tests suggest t...

iran has experienced high food prices in recent years. this paper examines the welfare impacts of rising major food groups' prices on iranian urban households using quadratic almost ideal demand system (quaids) approach. the elasticity coefficients derived from quaids are used to estimate compensated variations (cv).the study uses iranian household expenditure and income survey (heis) raw data,...

background: today, obesity is considered as a health problem that increases the risk of some diseases. therefore, identifying the effective factors on obesity is of great importance. shift work is one of the indicators for increased risk of obesity in society and also shift work may cause various health problems for workers in military organizations. the current study aimed to investigate the r...

  Abstract   Background: Irregular Working hours, including night work and shift work, have been   found to be associated with alteration in various levels of biochemical factors. And some studies have showed association between shift work and blood biochemical disturbances in blood. In this epidemiological study we investigated, whether regular schedule of working hours can minimize the associ...

a bstract background: some health problems are more prevalent in shift workers than day workers. musculoskeletal disorders are considered as one of the most common health-related problems that can cause disability among health care workers. the aim of this study was to assess the associations between shift working and the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (mss) among nursing personnel. mat...

In November 2014, OPEC announced a new strategy geared towards improving its market share. Oil-market analysts interpreted this as an attempt to squeeze higher-cost producers, notably US shale oil, out of the market. Over the next year, crude oil prices crashed, with large repercussions for the global economy. We present a simple equilibrium model that explains the fundamental market factors th...