Cognitive shifting is the ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Extensive research has revealed that the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in cognitive shifting. Adult neuroimaging studies have shown that the inferior prefrontal cortex is activated during cognitive shifting tasks. Developmental studies have shown that cognitive shifting changes significantly during preschool y...

A commentary on Dynamic reorganization of striatal circuits during the acquisition and consolidation of a skill. How does the brain acquire and retain complex motor kills? In a well-known zen story, a centipede was asked how he could coordinate all of his numerous feet without stumbling. The centipede said that he had never given it a thought. From that time on, the centipede became unable to m...

Memory consistency models for modern concurrent languages have largely been designed from a system-centric point of view that protects, at all costs, optimizations that were originally designed for sequential programs. The result is a situation that, when viewed from a programmer’s standpoint, borders on absurd. We illustrate this unfortunate situation with a brief fable and then examine the op...

We discovered a new and simple shifting technique. It makes it possible to prove results on shadows like the Kruskal–Katona Theorem without any additional arguments. As another application we obtain the following new result. For s, d, k ∈ N, 1 ≤ d ≤ s, d ≤ k define the subclass of ( N k ) (the k–subsets of N) B(k, s, d) = { B ∈ ( N k ) : |B ∩ [1, s]| ≥ d } . Let A ⊂ B(k, s, d) and |A| = m. Then...