To help improve customer satisfaction management (CRM), greater emphasis is given to the aspect of quality in the supply chain. And improve supply chain performance through integrated business management and strategic partnerships. On the other hand, strategic supply chain management decisions are made at a company level that determine benefits and efficiencies of the supply chain and effective...

Although herbaceous species generally show little within plant variation in δ13C, trees show large spatial and temporal differences. We found that the aspect of exposure and branch length accounted for up to 6‰ δ13C difference within the foliage of individual trees of Pinus radiata D. Don. The foliage on branches 0.5 m in length was as much as 4‰ more depleted in 13C than foliage on 10-m long b...