To substantially increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems, it is important that Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system has an output close to 100%.This process handled by MPPT algorithms such as Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage (FOCV), Perturb and Observe (P&O), Short-Circuit Current (FSCC), Incremental Conductance (INC), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) Neural Network (NN) contr...

In order to obtain direct evidence for the existence of a natriuretic hormone, dialysates and ultrafiltrates of plasma of dogs expanded with saline were tested for effects on sodium transport by the toad urinary bladder. Dialysate was obtained by dialysis of blood in vivo in a clinical dialyzer and by dialysis in vitro of small volumes of blood using a miniature model of the clinical dialyzer. ...

Wound-Rotor (WR) resolvers are the most widely used position sensors in applications with harsh environmental conditions. However, their performance is exposed to failure due to the high risk of short circuit (SC) fault. Although the output current of the resolver is negligible, its thin copper wires increase the probability of the short circuit fault. To avoid the propagation of the turn-to-tu...

Current-limiting reactors are widely used in industrial electrical grids to reduce the current amplitude equipment and stabilize voltage on busbar during short circuits. Their application is distinguished by high technical economic efficiency. However, mechanical damage has been observed within extensive with many induction motors internal synchronous generators. The article analyses a case stu...

The aldosterone-induced augmentation of Na+ transport in toad bladder was analyzed by comparing the hormonal actions on the transepithelial short-circuit current and on the amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ uptake in isolated membrane vesicles. Incubating bladders with 0.5 microM aldosterone for 3 hr evoked more than a 2-fold increase of the short-circuit current (because of the activation or insertion...

Studies were made of the active ion transport by the isolated urinary bladder of the European toad, Bufo bufo, and the large American toad, Bufo marinus. The urinary bladder of the toad is a thin membrane consisting of a single layer of mucosal cells supported on a small amount of connective tissue. The bladder exhibits a characteristic transmembrane potential with the serosal surface electrica...

Studies were made of the active ion transport by the isolated urinary bladder of the European toad, Bufo bufo, and the large American toad, Bufo marinus. The urinary bladder of the toad is a thin membrane consisting of a single layer of mucosal cells supported on a small amount of connective tissue. The bladder exhibits a characteristic transmembrane potential with the serosal surface electrica...

Addition of BaCl2 to the solution bathing colons of normal lizards did not alter the absorptive Na+ flux, but did reverse the net absorption of Cl- to become net secretion. Cl- secretion resulted from an increase in its serosal-to-mucosal movement and was positively correlated to an increase in short-circuit current. Ba2+-induced short-circuit current was dependent on the presence of both Na+ a...

Design and construction of a stable current supply with protection circuits are described. The reported circuit provides a high-stable and high-level current variable from 0.5-1.2 A with the protect ion circuits to prevent over load current, voltage and off-range temperature operation. A detailed analysis of the circuit parameters is given and the time behaviors of the load voltage/current and ...

This work introduces a new and simple method for adjusting the gain of current mirror. The major advantage of the proposed architecture is that, unlike the conventional variable gain current mirror, it does not need the change of the biasing current to adjust current gain. Therefore, the power dissipation remains constant in all of the gain settings. In addition, the proposed variable gain curr...