Background: Intervertebral disc herniation has two common types, extrusion and protrusion, which may affect the adjacent vertebrae.In addition, it is associated with significant signal changes in T1 MRI (short TR/TE) and T2 MRI (long TR/TE).   Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analytic one, in which sampling was performed retrospectively. Cases were randomly selected from the pa...

BACKGROUND A common perception is that DNA barcode datamatrices have limited phylogenetic signal due to the small number of characters available per taxon. However, another school of thought suggests that the massively increased taxon sampling afforded through the use of DNA barcodes may considerably increase the phylogenetic signal present in a datamatrix. Here I test this hypothesis using a l...

Based on different sampling theorem, for example classic Shannon’s sampling theo-rem and Papoulis’ generalized sampling theorem, signals are processed by the sam-pling devices without loss of information. As an interface between radio receiverfront-ends and digital signal processing blocks, sampling devices play a dominantrole in digital radio communications.Under the concep...

This paper investigates techniques for angular superresolution using limited data of real beam scanning radar (RBSR). In order to improve the angular resolution of RBSR, many algorithms have been proposed. However, for most algorithms, large amounts of sampling data is necessary. The requirement of data increases the burden of the radar system. Fortunately, the sparse signal reconstruction tech...

Random demodulation based compressive sampling technique is a novel approach that it can break through the Shannon sampling theorem for the sparse signal capturing. A major challenge in the random demodulation based sampling system is the random sequence generation. In this paper, we introduce an approach to generate the high-speed random sequence that meets the incoherence of compressive sampl...

This paper describes sampling clock jitter effects in digital-to-analog converters. A formula for the output error power due to sampling clock jitter for a sinusoidal input is derived and verified by numerical simulations, and its spectrum characteristics is shown. Also its effects on DAC SNR is clarified by numerical simulation as follows: (i) When the total noise power outside as well as insi...

The linear canonical transform(LCT) has become a very active area in signal processing community in recent years, with many applications in optics, radar system analysis, filter design, phase retrieval, pattern recognition, etc. Many well-known transforms such as the Fourier transform,the fractional Fourier transform,and the Fresnel transform can be seen as special cases of the linear canonical...

With the advent of massive data outputs at a regular rate, admittedly, signal processing technology plays an increasingly key role. Nowadays, signals are not merely restricted to physical sources, they have been extended to digital sources as well. Under the general assumption of discrete statistical signal sources, we propose a practical problem of sampling incomplete noisy signals for which w...

Wideband spectrum sensing is an essential functionality for cognitive radio networks. It enables cognitive radios to detect spectral holes over a wideband channel and to opportunistically use under-utilized frequency bands without causing harmful interference to primary networks. However, most of the work on wideband spectrum sensing presented in the literature employ the Nyquist sampling which...

In this paper, we consider a signal which has been sampled synchronously with sampling frequencies equal to bandwidth (B.W) and 1.5 B.W. So, sampling is uniform and sampled signals are undersampled. Then two undersampled signals will be transmitted by two parallel transmission channels that the bandwidth of each channel is only %50 of bandwidth of the signal. Finally, a set of equations will be...