For any authentication code for k source states and v messages having minimum possible deception probabilities (namely, P d 0 = k=v and P d 1 = (k ? 1)=(v ? 1)), we show that there must be at least v encoding rules. (This can be thought of as an authentication-code analogue of Fisher's Inequality .) We derive several properties that an extremal code must satisfy, and we characterize the extrema...

Henry James’ novel The Turn of the Screw is notorious for its ambiguous nature about the ghostly figures that keep haunting the protagonist the governess. This paper attempts to give the study of this novel another turn of the screw by arguing that it is a hybrid of popular culture of ghost stories and high culture of psychological studies of ghosts. It is intended by Henry James as a blueprint...

Absorptive capacity is the principle that assimilating new knowledge requires prior knowledge. The attendant prescription is to invest more in R&D to derive greater benefit from the R&D of others (spillovers). Empirical tests of R&D productivity typically find absorptive capacity (R&D*rival R&D) to be significant. This result poses a puzzle however: What can a firm conducting 50% of industry R&...

Figure 5\ Detecting forgery attack, (a) The tampered image, (b) The actual region tampered, (c) The difference map with k=9, (d) the difference map with k=7 ...12 Figure 6\ Modified Images of lena, (a) The image lena, (b) The image with the LSB plane and the second LSB plane flipped (c) The image with the LSB plane flipped (d) the image with the second LSB plane flipped ..