the comparison between the views of ibne malek, in alfye, and his son, ibn al-nazem, in sharh ibn al-nazem ‘ala alfiye ibn malek, is one of the most important morphological and grammatical issues in the arabic grammer. alfye (ألفیة ابن مالک) is an educational poetry in arabic grammar that has been versed by ibne malek in the 13th century. at least 43 explanations have been written on this work....

In order to support a wide range of planning-related activities, we argue that plan and action representations must move to a more expressive language for goals and capabilities than is found in most current systems. A structured representation for capabilities can make explicit a hierarchy of capabilities based on subsumption, resulting in benefits for reasoning, representing, and acquiring op...

This paper describes the design of the overall structure about evaluation system of the development process of complex electromechanical device, and analyzes quality evaluation of the stage of scheme design in detail. An evaluation index system of quality of development process is proposed based on resources and conditions, technical status control, management control. Take the evaluation of sc...

In this paper, I would like to propose an idea of semantics for discourse and pictorial representations. The central notion of this paper is function. A representation is a representation of something. A function determines the connection between representation and what is represented. This is true for both discourse and pictorial representations. To properly interpret a representation system m...

In this paper definitions of many sorted closure system and many sorted closure operator are introduced. These notations are also introduced in [9], but in another meaning. In this article closure system is absolutely multiplicative subset family of many sorted sets and in [9] is many sorted absolutely multiplicative subset family of many sorted sets. Analogously, closure operator is function b...

In parametric statistical inference, which we will be primarily concerned with in this course, the underlying distribution of the population is taken to be parametrized by a Euclidean parameter. In other words, there exists a subset Θ of k-dimensional Euclidean space such that the class of dsitributions P of the underlying population can be written as {Pθ : θ ∈ Θ}. One key assumption made at th...

We introduce a test, named π-subsumption, which computes partial subsumptions between a hypothesis h and an example e, as well as a measure, the subsumption index, which quantifies the covering degree between h and e. The behavior of this measure is studied on the phase transition problem.