Removal of riparian trees can alter aquatic ecosystem structure and function by influencing factors such as light availability, sediment input, stream temperature. Contemporary forest practices variable retention harvest are used to mitigate the effects clear-cut on communities, but few studies have examined these techniques ecosystems. We light, temperature, biofilm biomass macroinvertebrate c...

Although hematophagous black flies are well-known socioeconomic pests and vectors of disease agents, their associated bacteria are poorly known. A systematic analysis of the bacterial community associated with freshly emerged adult black flies of four North American species, using cultivation-independent molecular techniques, revealed 75 nonsingleton bacterial phylotypes. Although 17 cosmopolit...

The biology, veterinary importance and control of certain Nematocera are described and discussed. Culicoides spp. (family Ceratopogonidae) transmit the arboviruses of bluetongue (BT), African horse sickness (AHS), bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) and Akabane. Some other arboviruses have been isolated from these species, while fowl pox has been transmitted experimentally by Culicoides. These insects...