The Loess Plateau region of northwestern China has unique geological and dry/semi-dry climate characteristics. However, knowledge about ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities in the Loess Plateau is limited. In this study, we investigated EMF communities in Populus simonii and Pinus tabuliformis patches within the forest-steppe zone, in pine forests within the forest zone, and the transitiona...

However, in 1988 the National Forest Policy heralded a significant shift in forest policy by acknowledging the needs and interests of local communities concerning their utilization of forest resources, and involving them in the protection and regeneration of forests. However, deforestation and violation of local community interests continued, due to the conflict between conserving endangered na...

Public timberlands represent the smallest of major ownership classes in Arkansas; of the State’s 18.38 million ac of timberland, the public owns 3.198 million ac, or 17.4 percent. Of that total, > 85 percent is in Federal ownership (70.8 percent in national forests). State lands account for 12.4 percent, and county and municipal lands, about 2 percent. Compared to other ownerships, public timbe...

National parks can be sensitive state-property areas since the surrounding communities generally need parks' resources for their livelihood. This paper focuses on inequality and transaction costs in PAMSIMAS (Community-Based Water Supply Sanitation), a water sector program Indonesia’s rural peri-urban areas. The method used is case study of Tajuk, village adjacent to Mount Merbabu Park Semarang...

Setting aside forested land for protection can lead to deforestation elsewhere, defined as “leakage”. Under some conditions, it can induce more forest cover near the protected area (“negative leakage”). We develop an analytical general equilibrium model to solve for leakage as a function of key economic variables, and we use it to generate testable hypotheses. We test these hypotheses for Indon...

Tropical moist forests contain the majority of terrestrial species. Human actions destroy between 1 and 2 million km(2) of such forests per decade, with concomitant carbon release into the atmosphere. Within these forests, protected areas are the principle defense against forest loss and species extinctions. Four regions-the Amazon, Congo, South American Atlantic Coast, and West Africa-once con...

Halton A. Peters* Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA *Correspondence: E-mail: hpeters@globalecology. stanford.edu Abstract Density-dependent mortality has long been posited as a possible mechanism for the regulation of tropical forest tree density. Despite numerous experimental and phenomenological investigations, the extent to which such mechanisms ...

Plant succession is one of many factors that may affect the composition and structure of herbivorous insect communities. However, few studies have examined the effect of forest age on the diversity and abundance of insect communities. If forest age influences insect diversity, then the schedule of timber harvest rotation may have consequent effects on biodiversity. The insect herbivore communit...