Abstract This study compares taxation trends, volatility and tax effort between sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) Latin American the Caribbean (LAC) countries since 1980. It finds that LAC lead on revenue collection stability, but richer SSA outperform their counterparts. Since 2010, there has been a divergence personal income taxes, which have grown in declined LAC. The panel analysis shows determinant...

This article examines John Hart Ely's theory of judicial review set forth forty-one years ago in: Ely, Democracy and Distrust: A Theory Judicial Review (1980). In particular, it claim that is normatively desirable for courts to police the political processes change keep them open outsiders this in fact one thing Supreme Courts, or Constitutional do. I show U.S. Court has continued play umpiring...

BACKGROUND The reported birth prevalence of orofacial clefts (OFCs) varies considerably. This study describes the epidemiology of OFCs in an Australian population. METHODS We studied infants diagnosed with cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (CL±P), and cleft palate only (CPO) since 1980 and reported to the population based Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies. We calcul...

The 2021 IPCC report found that most studies show declining trends for the global diurnal temperature range (DTR) since 1950s, decreasing mainly during 1960–1980. This issue is revisited here using an up-to-date in-situ data set, Hadley Center Integrated Surface Database, constrained by rigorous station selection conditions. observed DTR trend was to reverse 1980–2021, increasing significantly ...

The other side of the coin to post-reform success is often pre-reform failure, and policy lessons are found on both sides. paper estimates how much China’s poverty rate around 1980—near outset Deng Xiaoping’s pro-market reforms—is attributable prior Maoist regime. Based history, it argued that South Korea Taiwan provide a relevant counterfactual. Then difference-in-difference estimate using his...

These are the notes for a talk I gave for Matthias Felleisen’s History of Programming Languages class. I’ve tried to avoid recounting detailed descriptions of category theory and domain theory here, which I think the cited papers themselves did a good job of doing. Instead, I’ve tried to take advantage of the connections between syntax and category theory to reframe some of the results in these...

The death of one patient with secondary purulent bronchopneumonia has led the authors to recommend prophylactic treatment with sulfonamides and penicillin. Many and important changes have been introduced in the field of influenza during the past 5 years, and it is therefore unfortunate that the authors were compelled to defer publication for so long a period. Within the scope of slightly more t...

There has been a great deal of interest and activity in percolation theory since the two Saint-Flour courses, [76, 111], of 1984 and 1996 reprinted in this new edition. We present here a summary of progress since the first publications of our lecture notes. The second edition of Percolation, [77], was published in 1999 as a fairly complete, contemporary account of ‘classical’ percolation (but w...

On October 1, 2013 the reporting of diagnoses and procedures in the U.S. will transition from the clinical modification of the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) to the tenth revision (ICD-10). The impact of conversion to ICD-10 on Medicare MS-DRG payments to hospitals was estimated using 2009 Medicare data. A minimal hospital payment increase of 0.05 perc...