This paper presents a derivation of rate expressions for nonadiabatic proton-coupled electron transfer ~PCET! reactions in solution. The derivation is based on a multistate continuum theory in which the solvent is described by a dielectric continuum, the solute is represented by a multistate valence bond model, and the transferring proton~s! are treated quantum mechanically. In this formulation...

during assisted reproductive technology (art) procedures, the transfer of a single embryo dramatically reduces the rate of multiple pregnancy. proper information, therefore, should be delivered to patients before embryo transfer. in many countries, regulations limit, according to age of the patient, the number of embryos to be transferred. selective fetal reduction should not be considered as a...

Bioelectrocatalysis is a phenomenon concerned with biological catalysts, which accelerate the electrochemical reactions. Bioelectrocatalysis has been widely explored by the research community in various directions. Enzymes can catalyze different chemical reactions in living organisms by enzymes as the most important biological catalysts. These enzymatic biocatalysts are commercially available a...

Transition metal-free radical α-perfluoroalkylation with concomitant β-alkynylation of unactivated alkenes is presented. These cascades proceed via electron-catalysis and comprise a radical 1,4- or 1,5-alkynyl migration from tertiary propargylic alcoholates to secondary or tertiary C-radicals as the key step. Alkynyl migration leads to a ketyl radical anion that sustains the chain as a single e...

background lesions in peripheral nerves are highly prevalent in the upper extremity. the present study compares different tendon transfer surgeries in patients with radial nerve palsy. methods fifty patients with radial nerve palsy were randomly selected among patients who referred to tehran 15th khordad hospital during 2006-2011. they were divided into two groups of 17 and 33 subjects. single ...

We consider coherent single-electron dynamics in the one-dimensional nanostructure under resonant electromagnetic pulse. The structure is composed of two deep quantum wells positioned at the edges of structure and separated by a sequence of shallow internal wells. We show that complete electron transfer between the states localized in the edge wells through one of excited delocalized states can...

Nature utilizes oxido-reductases to cater to the energy demands of most biochemical processes in respiratory species. Oxido-reductases are capable of meeting this challenge by utilizing redox active sites, often containing transition metal ions, which facilitate movement and relocation of electrons/protons to create a potential gradient that is used to energize redox reactions. There has been a...