The effects of both abiotic factors and biotic interactions among guilds (i.e., inter-guild effects) have been suggested to be important for understanding spatial variation in species diversity; however, compared to the abiotic effects, the processes by which the inter-guild effects are mediated have been little described. Hence, we investigated stream invertebrate assemblages on Hokkaido Islan...

Akemi Tomoda, Teruhisa Miike, Noritaka Iwatani, Toshiro Ninomiya, Hiroyo Mabe, Toshiro Kageshita, Shosuke Ito (November 1999) Effect of long-term melatonin administration on school-phobic children and adolescents with sleep disturbances. Melatonin is effective in treating sleep disturbances, which are closely related to school phobia. However, side effects of melatonin in long-term administrati...

Sleep is a sensitive indicator of well-being and a helpful early-warning symptom in many psychiatric disorders. Healthy sleep and a balanced sleep-wake rhythm are desirable goals of a salutary conduct of life. Preventive and psychoeducational measures should take up this point. Non-organic sleep disorders are commonly associated with psychiatric diseases such as major depressive disorder, hypom...

Classical metapopulation theory assumes a static landscape. However, empirical evidence indicates many metapopulations are driven by habitat succession and disturbance. We develop a stochastic metapopulation model, incorporating habitat disturbance and recovery, coupled with patch colonization and extinction, to investigate the effect of habitat dynamics on persistence. We discover that habitat...

Although positive emotion research has begun to flourish, the extremes and potential costs of positive emotion remain understudied. This is an ideal clinical model for studying the ways in which positive emotions are disrupted in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme bouts of expansive and persistent positive feelings. This paper reviews recent experimental studies, sel...

Hillsborough County, Florida, is a karst region that is heavily urbanized, yet no study has been undertaken measuring the degree of human disturbance. Van Beynen and Townsend (2005) created a hierarchical and standardized disturbance index specifically designed for karst environments. To address the problem of determining human disturbance in the county, the above index was successfully applied...

Sleep disturbances are important correlates of depression, with epidemiologic research heretofore focused on insomnia and sleepiness. This epidemiologic study's aim was to investigate, in a community sample, depression's relationships to other sleep disturbances: sleep paralysis (SP), hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations (HH), cataplexy - considered rapid eye movement-related disturbances - an...

professional firefighting is among the most demanding jobs. prior studies have showed the notable prevalence of poor sleep quality among professional firefighters that may result in catastrophes. the aim of this study was in field confirmation of zolpidem usage (10 mg/po/bed time) for short term management of poor sleeps quality among professional firefighters. in a double-blind, randomized, pl...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the frequency of sleep disorders in relation to working conditions. DESIGN This was a cross sectional study. Data were collected prospectively, on a standardised form, by 13 occupational physicians. The quality of sleep was assessed by self perceived sleep disturbances and consumption of sleeping tablets. Working conditions were described by the worksite ...

OBJECTIVE Nocturnal awakenings are one of the most prevalent sleep disturbances in the general population. Little is known, however, about the frequency of these episodes and how difficulty resuming sleep once awakened affects subjective sleep quality and quantity. METHOD This is a cross-sectional telephone study with a representative sample consisting of 8937 non-institutionalized individual...