Adaptation to an isotropic pattern of random dots. moving uniformly in one direction. elevates the luminance detection threshold for patterns of test dots moving in various directions. Threshold elevation is maximal whenever test and adaptation directions are the same. and falls to zero for opposite directions. The “tuning curve” for directional selectivity measured in this way is rather broad....

Landslides result in the devastation of property and loss lives. This study assesses landslide susceptibility by employing geographic information systems (GIS) machine learning techniques, that is, support vector (SVM) artificial neural network (ANN), with integration advanced optimization particle swarm (PSO). The landslide-inducing factors considered this include fault density, lithology, roa...

Volume-fitted meshes have been widely used in different kinds of hydrodynamic models as well as in many hydro-mechanical models. A new method based on geographic information systems (GIS) has been presented to generate such irregular meshes automatically, which is also derived from classical algebraic methods on generating such meshes in hydrodynamics. Main inputs of the algorithm are DEM grids...

Introduction: Martian valley networks indicate that at least geologic conditions were different in the past, if not the climate. It is commonly believed that valley networks must be the result of groundwater sapping because their apparent drainage densities are lower than terrestrial runoff channels [1, 2, 3] (Figure 1a). It has also been suggested that valley networks are not uniformly distrib...

the wepp physically model is able to dynamically simulate runoff and soil erosion using physical concepts of erosion and hydraulic of overland flow science considering plant growth, residue decomposition, winter process. determination of the capability of this model in runoff and erosion estimation in different range type with investigation the effects of management were the main objectives of ...

In this study, we employed a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach to identify sites suitable for large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant installations in Mongolia. Accordingly, cells of 30 × m were used, and data based on seven criteria, including annual global horizontal radiation, average temperature, elevation, slope, slope direction (aspect), distances from main roads ...