asymptotically exact and nonlocal third order nonlinear evolution equations are derivedfor two counterpropagating surface capillary gravity wave packets in deep water in thepresence of wind flowing over water.from these evolution equations stability analysis ismade for a uniform standing surface capillary gravity wave trains for longitudinal perturbation. instability condition is obtained and g...

Steepness-limited wave breaking is simulated in a fully nonlinear potential flow model and validated with laboratory data. Breaking onset based on the ratio of horizontal particle velocity at crest, relative to crest reaching threshold value. A dissipation model, where non-dimensional strength parameter predicted linear steepness used. new time-dependent tested, termination criterion studied.

Neurons in the visual cortex code relative changes in illumination (contrast) and adapt their sensitivities to the visual scene by centering the steepest regions of their sigmoidal contrast response functions (CRFs: spike rate as a function of contrast) on the prevailing contrast. The influence of this contrast gain control has not been reported at nonoptimal drift rates. We calculated the Fish...

Field data of the 8th National Forest Inventory (NFI) from southern Finland and digital elevation models (DEMs) were used in this study. Damage due to Gremmeniella abietina increased slightly with an increase in absolute elevation in mineral soils. Severe damage increased almost linearly with an increase in elevation in mineral soil plots. The mean elevation in the tract area (the 7 km × 8 km a...

OBJECTIVES Numerous studies link low objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) to chronic activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we examine associations between objective and subjective SES and diurnal salivary cortisol, a primary HPA component, as well as demographic and ecological predictors associated with SES perceptions and changes in diurnal cortisol....

Abstract A framework for a IoT-based local landslide early warning system (Lo-LEWS) has been proposed. Monitoring, modelling, forecasting and represent the main phases of proposed framework. In this study, first two have applied to capture hydrological behaviour natural unsaturated slope located adjacent railway track in Eastern Norway. The is monitored stability kept under frequent observation...

The South American continental slope hosts a variety of topographic waves. We use 27-year-long global ocean reanalysis (1/12° Spatial resolution) to examine trapped waves (TWs) around America at periods ranging from 40 130 days. propagate the Equatorial Pacific Tropical Atlantic (22°S) with phase velocities between 1.8 and 7 m/s according local background characteristics, such as stratification...

Until the mid-1990s, a major limitation of using the Universal Soil Loss Equation and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation erosion models at regional landscape scales was the difficulty in estimating LS factor (slope length and steepness) values suitable for use in geographic information systems applications. A series of ArcInfo Arc Macro Language scripts was subsequently created that enabled t...

Gaussian decomposition has been used to extract terrain elevation from waveforms of the satellite lidar GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System), on board ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite). The common assumption is that one of the extracted Gaussian peaks, especially the lowest one, corresponds to the ground. However, Gaussian decomposition is usually complicated due to the broa...

A dynamic assessment tool was developed and validated using Mokken scale analysis to assess the extent to which kindergartners are able to construct unconfounded experiments, an essential part of scientific reasoning. Scientific reasoning is one of the learning processes happening within science education. A commonly used, hands-on, experimentation task was adapted to dynamically assess the use...