Extracting regularities from a sequence of events is essential for understanding our environment. However, there is no consensus regarding the extent to which such regularities can be generalised beyond the modality of learning. One reason for this could be the variation in consolidation intervals used in different paradigms, also including an opportunity to sleep. Using a novel statistical lea...

Sleep deprivation was previously reported to alter microRNA (miRNA) levels in the brain; however, the direct effects of any miRNA on sleep have only been described recently. We determined miRNA 138 (miR-138), miRNA let-7b (let-7b), and miRNA 125a-5p (miR-125a) levels in different brain areas at the transitions between light and dark. In addition, we examined the extent to which inhibiting these...

The two most attractive current hypotheses concerning the aetiology of disseminated (multiple) sclerosis (MS) are those of (1) an 'autoimmune' process, analogous to experimental allergic encephalitis, or (2) an infection, for which the 'slow virus diseases' of the central nervous system represent a possible model. Experimental data have been advanced favouring each hypothesis, and it is in fact...

The classic view of slow axonal transport maintains that microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments move down the axon relatively coherently at rates significantly slower than those characteristic of known motor proteins. Recent studies indicate that the movement of these cytoskeletal polymers is actually rapid, asynchronous, intermittent, and most probably fueled by familiar motors such...

A survey is presented of the author's own investigations on the effects of ambient temperature and photoperiod on sleep in corvids. Daily sleep patterns of rook, Corvus frugilegus and magpie, Pica pica have been studied electrographically under natural ambient conditions of light and temperature. The daily amount of total sleep time (TST) was positively correlated with night duration, whereas t...

essential to axonal tubulin transport is lost or inhibited 2 days after axotomy. This inhibition is not due to the depletion of conventional kinesin. It could be due to the inactivation of conventional kinesin or to the inactivation or depletion of some other motor or factor essential to axonal tubulin transport. This model of protein transport in the squid giant axon may facilitate the identif...

3. In investigating the cause of the outbreak, the IRC tapped on resource persons and experts, received reports and information from SGH and MOH, conducted site visits and interviewed staff involved. It narrowed its study to four possible hypotheses – (i) drug diversion; (ii) intentional harm; (iii) contaminated medical products; and (iv) breaches in infection control. The first three hypothese...

OBJECTIVES This study was initially designed to test the notion that generalized anxiety is a predominant factor in the maintenance of psychologically determined sleep-onset insomnia and that a trait anxiety reducing technique can provide significant therapeutic gains. METHODS Twenty participants (age 19-63) with moderate to severe sleep-onset chronic insomnia were first asked to monitor thei...

Study Objectives The present study explored the sleep mechanisms which may support awareness of hidden regularities. Methods Before sleep, 53 participants learned implicitly a lateralized variant of the serial response-time task in order to localize sensorimotor encoding either in the left or right hemisphere and induce implicit regularity representations. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activi...

the aim of this study was to determine the association of n-acetyltransferase-2 polymorphisms and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in iranian pulmonary tuberculosis patients. acetylating phenotypes was studied in 50 iranian pulmonary tuberculosis patients using metabolic ratio of plasma acetyl-isoniazid to isoniazid. the association between hepatotoxicity and the n-acetyltransferas...