the remarkable development of sciences and technologies in the world of]o today has apparently brought mankind comfort and well-being, but it has also created new problems for humans including environmental pollution, widespread changes in world weather conditions, etc. fossil fuels cause numerous environmental pollutions. in other words, on the one hand poisonous gases enter the environment fo...

Please note: Changes made as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing, formatting and page numbers may not be reflected in this version. For the definitive version of this publication, please refer to the published source. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite this paper. Abstract Investments in renewable energy have been identified as one mechanism...

Micro-grid (MG) is a grid formed by renewable sources. MG is a small scale network of low voltage also the renewable sources are distributed energy resources (DER). A MG gives clean energy. MG can have two operational modes, the islanded mode and grid connected mode. This paper reviews the optimal energy management for a MG under various constraints. The authors aims to optimize fuel cost, mana...

Distributed energy resources (DERs) can serve as non-wire alternatives to capacity expansion by managing peak load to avoid or defer traditional expansion projects. In this paper, we study a planning problem that co-optimizes DERs investment and operation (e.g., energy efficiency, energy storage, demand response, solar photovoltaic) and the timing of capacity expansion. We formulate the problem...

We study the transfer of energy between different scales for forced three-dimensional MHD turbulent flows in the kinematic dynamo regime. Two different forces are examined: a non-helical Taylor Green flow with magnetic Prandtl number PM = 0.4, and a helical ABC flow with PM = 1. This analysis allows us to examine which scales of the velocity flow are responsible for dynamo action, and which sca...