Emanuel syndrome (ES) is a rare chromosomal disorder that is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and developmental disabilities. Affected children are usually identified in the newborn period as the offspring of balanced (11;22) translocation carriers. Carriers of this balanced translocation usually have no clinical symptoms and are often identified after the birth of offspring with ...

20 Supernumerary chromosomes have been shown to transfer horizontally from 21 one isolate to another. However, the mechanism by which horizontal chromosome 22 transfer (HCT) occurs is unknown. In this study, we compared the genomes of 11 23 isolates comprising six Fusarium species that cause soybean sudden death syndrome 24 (SDS) or bean root rot (BRR), and detected numerous instances of HCT in...

The chromosome 15 region q11-q13 is imprinted and contains a number of genes that are expressed only from the paternally or the maternally inherited chromosome. This region is also prone to structural rearrangements including interstitial duplications and triplications, inversions, translocations, deletions, and the formation of supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs). 7 These rearrangements ar...

In this paper, the recently developed sliding surface matching condition (SSMC) is viewed from a new point that the mismatched uncertain term should satisfy the minimum-phase condition for the nominal system. With this new viewpoint, SSMC is extended to a more general class of system with nonlinear uncertainties. Finally, a numerical example demonstrates the results.

The chromosome 15 region q11-q13 is imprinted and contains a number of genes that are expressed only from the paternally or the maternally inherited chromosome. This region is also prone to structural rearrangements including interstitial duplications and triplications, inversions, translocations, deletions, and the formation of supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs). 7 These rearrangements ar...

The ablation of Apc function or the constitutive activation of beta-catenin in embryonic mouse oral epithelium results in supernumerary tooth formation, but the underlying mechanisms and whether adult tissues retain this potential are unknown. Here we show that supernumerary teeth can form from multiple regions of the jaw and that they are properly mineralized, vascularized, innervated and can ...

The centrosome is a small organelle which consists of two centrioles and a pericentriolar matrix [1]. It functions as the microtubule-organizing center of eukaryotic cells and plays a central role for the formation of the mitotic spindle. Supernumerary centrosomes have been described in almost all human malignancies, including brain, breast, colon, lung, pancreas, and prostate cancers as well a...