Abstract In many industries, traditional automation systems (operating technology) such as PLCs are being replaced with modern, networked ICT-based part of a drive towards the Industrial Internet Things (IIoT). The intention behind this is to use more cost-effective, open platforms that also integrate better an organisation’s information technology (IT) systems. order deal heterogeneity in thes...

The position of genes in the interphase nucleus and their association with functional landmarks correlate with active and/or silent states of expression. Gene activation can induce chromatin looping from chromosome territories (CTs) and is thought to require de novo association with transcription factories. We identify two types of factory: "poised transcription factories," containing RNA polym...

This paper explores the role of differing contractual relationships between sugarcane farmers and sugar factories in India resulting from differing ownership structures. In Maharashtra most sugar factories are cooperatively owned by cane farmers, while in Uttar Pradesh most factories are privately owned and purchase cane from independent peasant farmers. The key incentive problem is that residu...

In the eukaryotic nucleus, genes are transcribed in transcription factories. In the present review, we re-evaluate the models of transcription factories in the light of recent and older data. Based on this analysis, we propose that transcription factories result from the aggregation of RNA polymerase II-containing pre-initiation complexes assembled next to each other in the nuclear space. Such ...

Transcription in mammalian nuclei is highly compartmentalized in RNA polymerase II-enriched nuclear foci known as transcription factories. Genes in cis and trans can share the same factory, suggesting that genes migrate to preassembled transcription sites. We used fluorescent in situ hybridization to investigate the dynamics of gene association with transcription factories during immediate earl...

In manual assembly processes, the information flows during process are becoming increasingly complex. Digital assistance systems will play an important role in future by supporting employees and cooperating with them order to increase productivity, ergonomics, flexibility. must be designed such a way that they optimally support abilities of adaptive manner. This paper presents approach systemat...

On the way to building smart factories as vision of Industry 4.0, casting process stands out a specific manufacturing due its diversity and complexity. One segments foundry design is application artificial intelligence in improvement process. This paper presents an overview conducted research studies, which deal with In review, 37 studies were analyzed over last 15 years, clear indication type ...