BACKGROUND Smoking cessation advice by GPs is an effective and cost-effective intervention, but is not implemented as widely as it could be. AIM This wide-ranging Europe-wide literature review, part of the European Union (EU) PESCE (General Practitioners and the Economics of Smoking Cessation in Europe) project, explored the extent of GPs' engagement in smoking cessation and the factors that ...

BACKGROUND Although clinical guidelines recommend smoking cessation to improve bone health, the impact of short-term smoking cessation (i.e., 1 year) on bone mineral density (BMD) is not known. We examined the effects of smoking cessation on BMD measurements, markers of bone turnover, and hormone profiles in postmenopausal women. METHODS Postmenopausal women (n = 152) who smoked at least 10 c...

OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety of partial agonists of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. DATA SOURCES Primary literature and review articles were obtained via a PUBMED search (1988-August 2006) using the key terms smoking cessation, partial agonist alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, varenicline, cytisine and SSR591813. Additional studi...

BACKGROUND E-cigarettes are currently being debated regarding their possible role in smoking cessation and as they are becoming increasingly popular, the research to date requires investigation. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the use of e-cigarettes is associated with smoking cessation or reduction, and whether there is any difference in efficacy of e-cigarettes with and without nicotine o...