Active control of water losses is an essential strategy to increase the efficiency of urban water supply systems. This work deals with the early detection of leaks occurring in small-diameter service pipes of water distribution networks. Preliminary experiments were conducted in a test facility to assess the sensitivity of Acoustic Emission methods to leaking water flows. Acoustic Emission meas...

Biswas et al. (1993. A model for chlorine concentration decay in pipes. Water Res. 27(12), 1715-1724) presented an analytical solution of a two-dimensional (2-D) steady-state chlorine transport equation in a pipe under the turbulent condition and employed fractional error function and regression technique to develop an approximate solution. However, their approximate solution may not give a goo...

The presence of filamentous fungi in drinking water has become an area worthy of investigation with various studies now being published. The problems associated with fungi include blockage of water pipes, organoleptic deterioration, pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins. Fungal biofilm formation is a less developed field of study. This paper updates the topic and introduces novel methods on fungal bi...

We recall the PFS (Pressurized and Free Surface) model constructed for the modeling of unsteady mixed flows in closed water pipes where transition points between the free surface and pressurized flow are treated as a free boundary associated to a discontinuity of the gradient of pressure. Then we present a numerical kinetic scheme for the computations of unsteady mixed flows in closed water pip...

Detonations and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) are experimentally studied in horizontal pipes which are partially filled with water. The gas layer above the water is stoichiometric hydrogen–oxygen at 1 bar. The detonation wave produces oblique shock waves in the water, which focus at the bottom of the pipe due to the curvature of the walls. This results in peak pressures at the bot...

Temperature is expected to play a significant role in the corrosion of iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems. Temperature impacts many parameters that are critical to pipe corrosion including biological activity, physical properties of the solution, thermodynamic and physical properties of corrosion scale, and chemical rates. Moreover, variations in temperature and temperature gradi...

There is substantial demand in medical and industrial sectors for coatings, films and fibers that prevent bacterial adhesion and growth. Pathogenic bacteria form biofilms that affect human health, producing considerable economic loss and human morbidity/mortality. These films are especially troublesome in the health care field (hospital-acquired infections and infections from indwelling medical...

Original scientific paper Water flow in a tool for water jet cleaning and cutting is evaluated in this paper. There are ultrasonic pulsations of high pressure in the given domain. The efficiency of the amplification of high pressure pulsations in the transitional space between larger and smaller pipes is analysed. Three types of transitional spaces are compared in the paper: step change, conica...

Soil piping has been attributed as a potential mechanism of instability of embankments and streambanks. Limited field work has been conducted on quantifying and modeling pipeflow and internal erosion processes in the field with either natural or artificially created soil pipes. This research utilized an innovative constant-head trench system to conduct constant-head soil pipe experiments in two...

Biochemical fingerprinting (BF) databases of 524 enterococci and 571 Escherichia coli isolates and an antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA) database comprising of 380 E. coli isolates from four suspected sources (i.e. dogs, chickens, waterfowls, and human sewage) were developed to predict the sources of faecal pollution in a recreational coastal lake. Twenty water samples representing four sampl...