4 hours after the snake bite, when there has been ample time to exhaust endogenous clotting factors.3 Furthermore, the rate of recovery (based on INR) after antivenom treatment is expected to correlate with resynthesis of the consumed clotting factors. Notably, no reference was made to prothrombin levels after envenomation.3 We speculate that this information could provide greater insight into ...

The venom of Naja naja has been studied clinically as an analgesic. It has been recently determined that the venom of cobra is biologically active even when it is administered by mouth. As there are no published studies on the effects of orally administered cobra venom, a 72h toxicity study was conducted in the Albino rats. We have selected 1/50 LD50 dose (7μg/ kg body weight) in the present in...

Several colubrid snakes produce venomous oral secretions. In this work, the venom collected from Venezuelan opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) Philodryas olfersii snake was studied. Different proteins were present in its venom and they were characterized by 20% SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis. The secretion exhibited proteolytic (gelatinase) activity, which was partially purified on a chromatograph...

Background & Aims: In recent years, the feasibility of hydrophilic nanoparticles has been broadly investigated for use in drug delivery and therapeutic systems. Due to the problems of traditional adjuvants, in this study Agkistrodon halys (Ah) Snake venom was loaded in chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) in order to be used as an advanced adjuvant and antigen delivery system in ant...

The antibacterial activities of eight snake crude venom (Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, Pseudocerastes persicus, Pseudocerastes urarachnoides, Echis carinatus sochureki, Gloydius halys caucasicus, Naja (naja) oxiana, and two species of true sea snakes Enhydrina schistose and Hydrophis cyanocinctus) were assessed against five important standard pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, ...

The aim of this study is to investigate antibacterial effects of immunodominant proteins isolated from the venom of Naja Naja Oxiana snake against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The innate immune system is an important line of defense against bacterial diseases. Antibacterial proteins produced by snake venoms have recently attracted signifi...

Snake bites in rural Nigeria are commonly treated with plant extracts. We have studied the ability of one such traditionally used plant (Parkia biglobosa; [Jacq.] Benth., Mimosaceae) to reduce the effects of two snake venoms (Naja nigricollis, and Echis ocellatus) in several experimental models. A water-methanol extract of P. biglobosa stem bark significantly (p<0.001) protected the chick biven...

snake venoms contain a rich variety of factors which affect blood coagulation. there have been few reports on the anticoagulant activity of the venom of different cobras, but no such observations have been made on the iranian cobra, although a procoagulant factor has been described. in this study an anticoagulant factor has been purified from the venom of naja naja oxiana using gel filtration f...

Snake bite is crucial medical emergency while the success of immediate care and anti-venom therapy mainly depend on the correct identification of culprit snake. We present a simple method for identification of six snake species including Echiscoloratus, Echispyramidum, Cerastescerastesgaspreti, Bitisarieatans, Najahaje Arabica, andWalterinnesiaaegyptia, using the gel filtration chromatographic ...

Naja haje arabica (Arabian cobra) is the major cause of snake-bite mortality in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The treatments of the snake bite envenomation occur by anti-snake venom produced in horses previously immunized with a mixture of venom. Therefore, one of the main objectives of the current study is to produce anti Naja haje arabica immunoglobulin in high titer from the yolk of chickens by i...