anthrax, a zoonotic disease caused by bacillus anthracis, has affected humans since ancient times. for genomic characterization of razi b. anthracis sterne 34f2 substrain, single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping method developed by van erth, variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr)-8 analysis proposed by keim, and multiple-locus vntr analysis (mlva)-3 introduced by levy were employed. in th...

abstract        typing of bacteria is an important part of epidemiological studies on nosocomial infections. bacterial identification methods have dramatically improved in recent years, which is mainly due to advancements in the field of molecular biotechnology. in many cases, molecular techniques have replaced phenotypic typing methods. currently, a wide range of bacterial typing techniques is...

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) allows for effective tracing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) (tuberculosis pathogens) transmission. However, it is difficult to standardize and, therefore, is not yet employed for interlaboratory prospective surveillance. To allow its widespread application, solutions for data standardization and storage in an easily expandable database are urgently ne...

Whole genome phylogenetic analysis in this study resolved a total of five major genotypes among the 22 varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains or isolates for which complete genomic sequences are available. Consistent with earlier publications we have designated these genotypes European 1 (E1), European 2 (E2), Japanese (J), mosaic 1 (M1), and mosaic 2 (M2). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) an...

Tularaemia, caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, is endemic in Sweden and is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three different genetic typing systems to link a genetic type to the source and place of tularemia infection in Sweden. Canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (canSNPs), MLVA including five variable number of tandem repeat loci ...

Genetic variation in an infectious disease pathogen can be driven by ecological niche dissimilarities arising from different host species and different geographical locations. Whole genome sequencing was used to compare E. coli O157 isolates from host reservoirs (cattle and sheep) from Scotland and to compare genetic variation of isolates (human, animal, environmental/food) obtained from Scotla...

Phylogeographic studies have described a reduced genetic diversity in Native American populations, indicative of one or more bottleneck events during the peopling and prehistory of the Americas. Classical sequencing approaches targeting the mitochondrial diversity have reported the presence of five major haplogroups, namely A, B, C, D and X, whereas the advent of complete mitochondrial genome s...

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is a multiclonal parasite with high levels of genetic diversity and broad host and geographic ranges. Molecular characterization of South American isolates of T. cruzi has demonstrated homologous recombination and nuclear hybridization, as well as the presence of 6 main genetic clusters or "discrete typing units" (DTUs). Few studies have...

Currently, ten-finger typing skills have become the general standard for prospective employees who will apply jobs. These are not only needed IT-based jobs but also in other office. Unfortunately, until now, many students still do these skills. Therefore, training at Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School is very much needed. The method used implementation of this activity a practice-based using T...

Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) has emerged as the state-of-the-art method for resolving bacterial population genetics but it is expensive and time consuming. We evaluated the potential of high resolution melting (HRM) to identify known MLST alleles of Campylobacter jejuni at reduced cost and time. Each MLST locus was amplified in two or three sub fragments, which were analyzed by HRM. The a...