environmental or social and onto individual sources of disease. While episodes such as those of "Typhoid" Mary Mallon demonstrate that germ consciousness indeed led public health authorities to focus on individuals, Tomes shows that germ theory was not necessarily less politically progressive than its sanitarian forebear. Using case studies of New York City garment workers and AfricanAmerican a...

The contemporary perspective on altered states of conscious is surveyed as an introduction to commentaries on Kallio and Revonsuo's lead article in Contemporary Hypnosis (2003). It is noted that the study of consciousness, unconscious processing, and altered states of consciousness are central issues in neuroscience, heralding fresh approaches to the neuroscientifie understanding of hypnosis. T...

Identity, personality and self-consciousness are often seen in cognitive science as almost the same cognitive capacity. In this paper we will justify an alternative and in many ways opposite opinion: that identity, at least in its most basic way, is a non-exclusive protocultural factor that requires cognitive capacities that are linked to social competence and to organism cooperation, and that ...