economic sanctions appear to be a common feature of political interactions between states. economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternative to military conflict since the last decade of twentieth century. this paper provides, through a gravity model, an estimation of the impact of economic sanctions on bilateral trade flows between iran and its major trading partners during ...

Normative multiagent systems provide agents with abilities to autonomously devise societies and organizations coordinating their behavior via social norms and laws. In this paper we study how agents negotiate new social norms and when they accept them. We introduce a negotiation model based on what we call the social delegation cycle, which explains the negotiation of new social norms from agen...

this book deals with the evolution of the sanctions policy of the security council arisen as a solution to the problem of disastrous effects of the comprehensive economic sanctions on the civilian populations of the target states. the study shows that the key for resolving the conflict arisen between the purposes of the charter: maintenance of the peace and promoting respect for human rights, l...

This study aims to assess the handling of corruption through implementation social sanctions observed from perspective sociology law. is a qualitative using library research method. There are two sources and types data used in this article, namely primary secondary data. The theoretical Based on analysis field data, uncovered an important finding that states reinforcing prevention prosecution i...

We conduct field experiments in rural Paraguay to measure the value of reciprocity within social networks in a set of fifteen villages. These experiments involve conducting dictatortype games; different treatments involve manipulating the information and choice that individuals have in the game. These different treatments allow us to measure and distinguish between different motives for giving ...

Having a child out of wedlock used to be associated with shame and scorn. This is mostly not the case any more in the western world. Therefore, freed from social sanctions, single motherhood has become an additional family-choice alternative for women, along with marriage and childlessness. Yet, the institutions that influence women’s decisions differ across countries. We compare the institutio...

Rents tend to be relatively high in developing countries and also very fungible, so that differences in the scale of the rent and in its distribution among economic agents profoundly affect the nature of the political state and the development trajectory. This paper identifies two basic trajectories to a high-income democracy linked to the scale and deployment of rents. Low-rent countries tend ...