Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional constipation (FC) are highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal conditions worldwide and occur approximately twice as often in women as in men. Although the exact prevalence is uncertain because of variations in diagnostic criteria, symptom overlap, patient populations, and sociocultural factors, most studies cite prevalence for each of approxima...

We describe a system for producing automated professional mentoring using a quantitative model of enculturation. We are developing an automated mentoring technology, AutoMentor, that builds on previous research on automated tutoring systems, specifically on AutoTutor, a computer tutor that helps students learn about science and technology topics by holding a conversation in natural language wit...

Health and Behavior Lifestyles, Risk Factors, and Health Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Preventing Illness Problems in Promoting Wellness What Determines People’s Health-Related Behavior? General Factors in Health-Related Behavior The Role of Beliefs and Intentions The Role of Less Rational Processes Developmental, Gender, and Sociocultural Factors in Health Development and Health Gender and...

This article is concerned with the social organization of mediation in learning environments. It seeks to further articulate the sociocultural notion of mediation in sociointeractional terms, combining insights from the sociocultural approach to cognition and the microinteractionist, especially ethnomethodological approach to social activities.Amicroanalysisofmediation incommunicative2nd-langua...

Numerous research studies have shown that sociocultural factors influence the initiation and continued use of alcohol and tobacco among adolescents and adults. Few studies have examined the effects of sociocultural factors on the tendency of smokers to drink and drinkers to smoke. However, the limited evidence available suggests that such factors exist and that the strength of the association b...

K E Y W O R D S : agency, emergence, identity, ideology, indexicality, interaction, intersubjectivity, positioning, sociocultural linguistics, stance, style

Objectives. Review of burden of congenital transmission of malaria, challenges of preventive measures, and implications for health system strengthening in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. Literature from Pubmed (MEDLINE), Biomed central, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database were reviewed. Results. The prevalence of congenital malaria in sub-Saharan Africa ranges from 0 to 23%. Diagnosis and existi...