Amphibians such as Xenopus laevis and Ambystoma mexicanum are capable of whole structure regeneration. However, transcriptional control over these events is not well understood. Here, we investigate the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes in regeneration using HDAC inhibitors. The class I/II HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) inhibits tail regeneration in embryos of the anuran amphibian ...

A high-fat/high-protein diet has been reported to promote colon cancer by increasing luminal bile acid and ammonia concentrations, whereas butyrate, calcium, and low colonic pH may have protective effects. In this study, bromodeoxyuridine labeling of colonic epithelium was investigated after incubating biopsies from the ascending colon of 70 patients with HCl (20 mM, pH 6.0), butyric acid (H-BU...

The effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3'3':-5'-monophosphate (AMP) and sodium butyrate on the synthesis and secre tion of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) by trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic human cell lines were studied by radioimmunoassay and pulse-chase labeling techniques. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulated synthesis and secretion of HCG-a and HCG-/? subunits by the trophoblastic cell ...

Treatment of the human rectal cancer cell line HRT-18 with sodium butyrate caused a reversible elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity which was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. The alkaline phosphatase in untreated cells was heat stable at neutral pH and inhibited by phenylalanine but not by homoarginine, and 80% of the enzyme activity was precipitated by antibody against human...

Butyrate-producing bacteria (BPB) are potential probiotic candidates for inflammatory bowel diseases as they are often depleted in the diseased gut microbiota. However, here we found that augmentation of a human-derived butyrate-producing strain, Anaerostipes hadrus BPB5, significantly aggravated colitis in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-treated mice while exerted no detrimental effect in health...

High-protein diets are used for body weight reduction, but consequences on the large intestine ecosystem are poorly known. Here, rats were fed for 15 days with either a normoproteic diet (NP, 14% protein) or a hyperproteic-hypoglucidic isocaloric diet (HP, 53% protein). Cecum and colon were recovered for analysis. Short- and branched-chain fatty acids, as well as lactate, succinate, formate, an...

OBJECTIVE We examined the role of butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid formed by fermentation in the large intestine, in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In dietary-obese C57BL/6J mice, sodium butyrate was administrated through diet supplementation at 5% wt/wt in the high-fat diet. Insulin sensitivity was examined with insulin to...