A recessive mutation of Arabidopsis designated sas1 (for sodium overaccumulation in shoot) that was mapped to the bottom of chromosome III resulted in a two- to sevenfold overaccumulation of Na(+) in shoots compared with wild-type plants. sas1 is a pleiotropic mutation that also caused severe growth reduction. The impact of NaCl stress on growth was similar for sas1 and wild-type plants; howeve...

Sepsis is involved in the decrease of membrane excitability of skeletal muscle, leading to polyneuromyopathy. This effect is mediated by alterations of the properties of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(V)), but the exact mechanism is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to check whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), a cytokine released during sepsis, exerts a rapid effect on Na(V)...

One of the most highly discussed and publicized HIV-related presentations at the recent Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ICAAC/IDSA) joint meeting was the study from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD), a collaboration of 22 North American prospective clinical cohorts, examining t...

PhD. Associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil. PhD. Affiliated professor in the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil. PhD. Scientific researcher, Health Institute, Health Department of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. PhD. Titular professor of the D...

This chapter provides a computational analysis of the variation in the pronunciation of some Tibetan numbers. In Tibetan, the names for numbers greater than ten are formed by concatenating the word for a number less than ten with the word that means ‘ten.’ We refer to these combinations as “compound numerals.” In particular, numbers from eleven to nineteen are formed by prefixing [ > dZu] ‘ten’...

During the second and third postnatal weeks, there is a developmental switch from sodium channel isoform Na(v)1.2 to isoform Na(v)1.6 at initial segments and nodes of Ranvier in rat retinal ganglion cells. We used quantitative, real-time PCR to determine if the developmental appearance of Na(v)1.6 channels is accompanied by an increase in steady-state level of Na(v)1.6 mRNA in the retina. Betwe...

Cardiotonic steroids (such as ouabain) signaling through Na/K-ATPase regulate sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. We report here that reactive oxygen species are required to initiate ouabain-stimulated Na/K-ATPase·c-Src signaling. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented ouabain-stimulated Na/K-ATPase·c-Src signaling, protein carbonylation, redistribution of...

Both hyponatremia and osteopenia separately have been well documented in endurance athletes. Although bone has been shown to act as a "sodium reservoir" to buffer severe plasma sodium derangements in animals, recent data have suggested a similar function in humans. We aimed to explore if acute changes in bone mineral content were associated with changes in plasma sodium concentration in runners...

Model halogenated aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and halogenated phenols were dehalogenated in seconds by solvated electrons generated from sodium in both anhydrous liquid ammonia and ammonia/water solutions. The minimum sodium required to completely dehalogenate these model compounds was determined by increasing the Na/substrate ratio until halogen loss was complete. Minimum sodium consum...

The effects and modes of action of certain antineoplastic phospholipid analogues (racemic l-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl glycero-3-phosphocholine, BM 41.440, JH-1, CV-3988, and HePC) on (sodium plus potassium)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) and sodium pump activities were investigated. Inhibition of Na,K-ATPase in purified rat brain synaptosomal membranes by these lipids, in contras...