Automotive manufacturing is energy-intensive. The consumed energy contributes to the generation of significant amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by the automotive manufacturing industry. In this paper, a study is conducted on assessing the application potential of such clean energy power systems as solar PV, wind and fuel cells in reducing the GHG emissions of the global auto manufactur...

[1] A study of the cross–polar cap potential estimated by the HF Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) during periods of steady interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind velocity is presented. The potential estimates were examined as time series along with time series of the IMF and solar wind. In addition, the data were examined statistically to obtain a best fit linear express...

The importance of space weather and its forecasting is growing as interest in studying geoeffective processes in the Sun – solar wind – magnetosphere – ionosphere coupled system is increasing. In this paper higher order statistical moments of interplanetary magnetic field and geomagnetic SYM-H index fluctuations are compared. The proper description of fluctuations in the solar wind can elucidat...

Observations of interstellar scintillations at radio wavelengths reveal a Kolmogorovlike scaling of the electron density spectrum with a spectral slope of −5/3 over six decades in wavenumber space. A similar turbulent density spectrum in the solar wind plasma has been reported. The energy transfer process in the magnetized solar wind plasma over such extended length-scales remains an unresolved...

Mechanisms for the deposition of heat in the lower coronal plasma are discussed, emphasizing recent attempts to reconcile the Ñuid and kinetic perspectives. Structures at magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scales may drive a nonlinear cascade, preferentially exciting high perpendicular wavenumber Ñuctuations. Relevant dissipative kinetic processes must be identiÐed that can absorb the associated energy ...

The convection layer completes the transport of energy from the nuclear furnace at the center of the sun to its radiation into space by the photosphere, but most importantly for the solar wind it sets the temporal and spatial scales for the structure of the coronal magnetic field that in turn controls the properties of the solar wind. In this tutorial review we examine the properties of the fie...

Wind and Solar Energy resources are an increasingly large fraction of generation in global electricity systems. However, the variability of these resources necessitates new datasets and tools for understanding their economics and integration in electricity systems. To enable such analyses and more, we have developed a free web-based tool (Global Renewable Energy Atlas & Time-series, or GRETA) t...

[1] On 20 August 2006 a Forbush decrease observed at Polar in the Earth’s magnetosphere was also seen at the INTEGRAL spacecraft outside the magnetosphere during a very active time in the solar wind. High-resolution energetic particle data from ACE SIS, the Polar high-sensitivity telescope, and INTEGRAL’s Ge detector saturation rate, which measures the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) background with ...

Long lead-time space-weather forecasting requires accurate prediction of the near-Earth solar wind. The current state of the art uses a coronal model to extrapolate the observed photospheric magnetic field to the upper corona, where it is related to solar wind speed through empirical relations. These near-Sun solar wind and magnetic field conditions provide the inner boundary condition to three...

[1] At 23:08 UTC on 5 June 2007 the MESSENGER spacecraft reached its closest approach altitude of 338 km during its final flyby of Venus en route to its 2011 orbit insertion at Mercury. The availability of the simultaneous Venus Express solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field measurements provides a rare opportunity to examine the influence of upstream conditions on this planet’s solar win...